Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Objectives
Introduction Purpose?
Type of boilers
Boiler Assessment
Energy efficiency opportunities
3
Introduction
What is a Boiler?
Vessel that heats water to become
hot water or steam
At atmospheric pressure water
volume increases 1,600 times
Hot water or steam used to transfer
heat to a process
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Introduction
STEAM TO
EXHAUST GAS VENT
PROCESS
Thermal Equipment/
STACK DEAERATOR
PUMPS
ECO-
Boilers
NOMI-
ZER
VENT
BOILER
BURNER
WATER
SOURCE
BLOW DOWN
SEPARATOR FUEL
BRINE
CHEMICAL FEED
SOFTENERS
Type of boilers
Assessment of a boiler
Boilers
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Types of Boilers
3. Packaged Boiler
4. Fluidized Bed (FBC) Boiler
5. Stoker Fired Boiler
6. Pulverized Fuel Boiler
7. Waste Heat Boiler
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Type of Boilers
capacities (12,000
kg/hour)
Low to medium steam
pressures (18 kg/cm2)
Operates with oil, gas
or solid fuels
To Features
Chimney
High heat transfer
Boilers
Faster evaporation
Good convective
heat transfer
Good combustion
Oil
efficiency
Burner High thermal
efficiency
(BIB Cochran, 2003)
Classified based on
number of passes
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Type of Boilers
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Type of Boilers
a) Spreader stokers
Coal is first burnt in suspension then in
Boilers
coal bed
Flexibility to meet load fluctuations
Favored in many industrial applications
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Type of Boilers
Combustion
temperature at 1300
-1700 C
Benefits: varying coal
quality coal, quick
response to load
changes and high pre-
heat air temperatures Tangential firing
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Independence Steam Electric Station
- Newark, AR
Introduction
Thermal Equipment/
Type of boilers
Boiler Assesment
Boilers
19
Boiler Assessment
1. Boiler
Thermal Equipment/
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Assessment of a Boiler
1. Boiler performance
Thermal Equipment/
Heat Balance
Thermal Equipment/
Stochiometric
Excess Air
Un burnt
Stack Gas
Heat Balance
Thermal Equipment/
12.7 %
Heat loss due to dry flue gas
1.0 %
Heat loss due to radiation & other
unaccounted loss
73.8 %
Heat in Steam
Assessment of a Boiler
Heat Balance
Thermal Equipment/
1. Boiler Efficiency
Thermal Equipment/
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Assessment of a Boiler
27
Assessment of a Boiler
Continuous
Ensures constant TDS and steam purity
Heat lost can be recovered
Common in high-pressure boilers
28
Assessment of a Boiler
Benefits
Lower pretreatment costs
Boilers
Steam purity
Deposits
Corrosion
30
Assessment of a Boiler
Deposit control
To avoid efficiency losses and reduced
heat transfer
Boilers
37
Energy Efficiency Opportunities
Symptoms:
Smoke, high CO levels in exit flue gas
Causes:
Boilers
Liquid Fuels
Furnace Oil 13.8 9-14
LSHS 14.1 9-14 40
Energy Efficiency Opportunities
Loss Minimization
Fixed heat loss from boiler shell, regardless of
Boilers
boiler output
Repairing insulation can reduce loss
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Energy Efficiency Opportunities
43
Energy Efficiency Opportunities
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