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Phonetics
Accent mark
 What is Phonetics?
It is a scientific study of sounds used in human
speech. Science of speech sounds.
Study about the speech production,
transmission and reception.
Phonetic Transcription and the
IPA
The International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)

Universal or standardized alphabets used to

transcribe the sounds occurring in human
speech.

In 1886, a group of British and French language

teachers led by the linguist Paul Passy
formed IPA.
 Why do we need Phonetics?
Because of the exceptions, irregularities we
have in the spelling, alphabet and
pronunciation of words in English language.
Chalk garage shine science
Character gem champagne sign
Champagne jam
Put but
 The IPA system represents each sound of
human speech with a single symbol.
44 phonemesconsonants (24), vowels
(12) long are 5 and short are 7 and
diphthongs (8).
The symbol is enclosed in
brackets [ ] \ \
 Phonetics-Consonant
knsnnt
It has got 24 consonant sounds
15 common
p, b, t, d, k, m, n, l, r, f, v, s, z, h, w

9 uncommon
, , , , , j, g, t, d
 Phonetics
Articulatory phonetics (speech sounds)
Acoustic phonetics (sounds how are they
formed)
Auditory phonetics (hearing sounds)
 Phonetics- Vowel
'va l
12 vowel sounds
5 long vowels, 7 short vowels
8 diphthongs
 Sounds

Consonants Diphthongs
24 8

Vowels
12

5 7
 Organs of Speech

Respiratory System Phonatory System Articulatory System

Lungs Muscles of Trachea Pharynx Lips Teeth Roof Tongue

the chest of the
Larynx mouth

Vocal Teeth Hard Soft Uvula

cords ridge palate palate

Tip Blade Front Back Rims

The Vocal Tract
Pharynx
Oral Cavity
Nasal Cavity
Uvula
Tongue
(tip/blade/front/
middle/back/root)
Hard Palate
Soft Palate
(Velum)
Alveolar Ridge
(teeth-ridge)
Teeth (upper
&lower)
Lips (upper
The Consonants of English
Vowels phonemic symbol

i:, , u:,
e, , :, :
, , a:,
 Transcribe
Sea, seat, keep, eat, chief, keen, feet
Bath, calm, grass, far, car, part, charm
Earth, work, earn, turn, fern, girl, stir
Ball, pause, salt, fault, daughter, paw
Shoe, pool, tool, food, rule, tune, truth
 // as in pit pt
/e/ as in 'pet' pet
// as in 'pat' pt
// as in up' p
// as in 'pot' pt // as in 'about, 'upper'
bat,
// as in 'put' pt
/i:/ as in 'key' ki:
/:/ as in 'car' k: (r)
/:/ as in 'core' k : (r)
/u:/ as in 'cool' ku:l
/:/ as in 'cur' k:tn
 //
/e/
//
//
//
//
/i:/
/:/
/:/
/u:/
/:/
/ /
 Transcribe
Lid, city, ship, fit, dish, pin, rich, pity
Leg, desk, fell, red, pen, men, seven
Man, sat, that, fat, back, glad, jam, bag
Son, sun, fun, one, luck, pluck, cup
About, around, another, along, attempt
God, lot, cough, cross, not, pond, ox
Pull, full, bush, push, look, should
 Diphthongs
A vowel sound that starts near the articulatory
position for one vowel and moves toward the
position for another.
Combination of vowel sounds

, e, , , , , ,

/e/ as in 'bay' be
/a/ as in 'buy' ba
// as in 'boy' b
// as in 'peer' p
/e/ as in 'pear' pe
// as in 'poor' p
// as in 'go' g
/a/ as in 'cow' ka
 Transcribe
Eight, day, play, great, break, scale
Buy, tie, time, idle, pie, lie, guy, eye
Ploy, toy, oil, noise, choice, point, foil
No, pole, boat, road, so, goal, soul, toe
Found, count, now, round, loud, house
Air, bear, pair, hair, fair, chair, bare,wear
Fear, tier, deer,peer,beer,ear,hear, dear
Tour, sure, cure, endure, secure,
 1. Cut
a. /kt/ b. /k:t/ c. /ku:t/
2. Jar
a. /:/ b. // c. /:/
3. Food
a. /fd/ b. /fd/ c. /fu:d/
4. Very
- a. /vri:/ b. /vri:/ c. /ver/
 5. Show
a. // b. // c. //
6. Young
a. /j/ b. // c. /y/
7. Pleasure
a. /ple/ b. /pl:/ c. /ple/
8. No
a. /n/ b. /n/ c. /n/
 9. Oil
a. /:l/ b. /l/ c. /l/
10. Turn
a. /tn/ b. /t:n/ c. /tn/
11. Fort
a. /f:t/ b. /ft/ c. /f:t/
 1. Cut
a. /kt/ b. /k:t/ c. /ku:t/
2. Jar
a. /:/ b. // c. /:/
3. Food
a. /fd/ b. /fd/ c. /fu:d/
4. Very
- /vri:/ b. /vri:/ c. /ver /
 5. Show
a. // b. /e/ c. //
6. Young
a. /j/ b. /&/ c. /y&/
7. Pleasure
a. /ple/ b. /pl:/ c. /ple/
8. No
a. /n/ b. /n/ c. /n/
 9. Oil
a. /:l/ b. /l/ c. /l/
10. Turn
a. /tn/ b. /t:n/ c. /tn/
11. Fort
a. /f:t/ b. /ft/ c. /f:t/
 Try this out
Food
Church
Chef
Nun
Fish
cabin
 Syllable
A unit of sound which consists of a vowel
sound is known as syllable.
Example
Types-Monosyllabic, disyllabic, trisyllabic,
tetrasyllabic, pentasyllabic
Any, almost, alphabet, disparity,
excommunicate
 Word Accent/stress
The syllables which are more prominent
receive stress or accent
Primary stress
Secondary stress
 Whether, though, days, ground, early
Warm, completely, morning, general
Time, good, forecast
Year, spell
Fine, hold
Whole, next
Showers, two
 Transcribe

Sad
Stood
Cry
Sing
But
Caught
Nice
 Transcribe
Toy
Fair
Strong
Wild
Cheese
Through
Rather
 Write all the long vowels and short vowels