MV2402- MARINE ELECTRICAL

TECHNOLOGY
UNIT-1
POWER DISTRIBUTION AND
REGULATIONS
 THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT
Factors to be considered
1.Climatic condition
2.Vibrations
3.Continuous motion of a ship
4.Temperature
5.conditions of usage
Load pattern has the considerable effect on the life of
equipment
Marine industry electrical equipment is expected to last the life
time of equipment
Maximum reliability is importent for propulsion and safety
 EFFECTS OF INCLINATION

1.Main propulsion and auxiliary machinery

It is designed to operate when the ship is

upright and when inclined at angle of list up to
and including 15 either way under static
conditions and 22.5 under dynamic
conditions.
 EFFECTS OF INCLINATION
2.The emergency generator and its prime mover
It is designed and arranged as to ensure
that they will function at full rated power
when ship is upright and when inclined at any
angle of list up to 22.5
 EFFECTS OF INCLINATION
3. Switch gear and relays
Operation of the contactors, switch gear
and relays are affected by the inclination.
Any apparatus containing oil such as
transformers (or) switches & solenoids will
also be affected.
 EFFECTS OF INCLINATION
Installations, Athwart ship Fore & aft
components

Static dynamic Static dynamic

Propulsion & auxiliary 15 22.5 5 7.5
machinery

Safety equipment 22.5 22.5 10 10

Emergency power 22.5 22.5 10 10

installation

Emergency fire pumps 22.5 22.5 10 10

&their devices

Switch gear Electrical 22.5 22.5 10 10

&Electronic appliances
& control systems
 GENERATORS
1. Generators driven by diesel engine, a steam (or)
gas turbine (or) main propulsion engine itself.
2. The type of prime mover is determined by the
design of the ship and by economic factors
involved
3. Generators may be connected to the systems that
are classified as
a) Single phase,two wire insulated
b) Three phase,three wire insulated
c) Three phase,Four wire earthed neutral system
 GENERATORS
4. SOLAS require at least two generators for a ships
main electrical power system and atleast one
electrical generator to be independent of speed
&rotation of main propeller & shafting.
5. Many owners opt to provide three generators
one is used for the normal sea load, leaving two
available to meet any unusually high loads or to
provide security while manoeuvring.
 GENERATORS
6. Alternatively, the third is retained, as a
standby set, able to provide power should one
set fail in service (or) require specific
maintenance work.
7. The output from each of these generators is
fed to the main switch board and then
distributed to various auxiliary services
comprising the electrical load.
Power supplies commonly available
1. Modern merchant vessels usually use alternating current
system
1) Three phase, three wire insulated neutral system
2) Three phase, Four wire system
2. Direct current system can also be used.
3. Ratings for different ships.
3) Large passenger ships have three or four large generators rated
at 2MW or more to supply the extensive hotel services on board
4) A cargo ships may have two or more main generators typically
rated from 350 kw to a few MW which are sufficient to supply
engine room auxiliaries while at sea & the winches or cranes for
handling cargo while in port.
Power supplies commonly available
3) The emergency generators be rated from about 10 kw for a
small coaster to a about 700kw for a cargo vessel.

4) Electrical power onboard a ship is commonly generated at

440V,60HZ (some times 380V,50HZ)

5) Ships with a very large electrical power demand may be

designed to operate at 3.3Kv & even 6.6Kv

6) Lighting and other domestic supplies usually operate at

110V,115V or 220V AC(single phase)
 Power supplies commonly available
7) Portable equipment is to be used operate at 55V,or 25V

8) Batteries for various services operate at 12V or 24V but some

times higher voltages are used
9) Maximum voltages
500V for generators, power, galley & heating equipment
permanently connected to fixed wiring

254V(1 phase) for lighting, heaters in cabins, public rooms

& other applications

15000V in very large a.c installations.

 Main switch board
1. Main elements of a marine distribution system are the
main & emergency switch boards, power panel/ boards,
Motor controllers , lighting & small power panels/boards

2. Under all normal conditions of operations, power is

distributed from main switch board

3. MSB is generally located near the centre of the

distribution system & this is normally the main engine
room or machinery control room. These locations are
normally below the ships waterline or below the
uppermost continuous deck of the ship.
 Main switch board
4. For shipboard installations specific protective
system are required to shutdown all
ventilation systems & all fuel oil system in the
event of a fire

5. Motor auxiliaries are grouped together and

supplied from a Motor control centre(MCC)
 Motor Control Centre
1. The MCC consolidates all motor controlling
equipment for all major motors on board the
vessels. Over current & over load protection is
provided to the motor & its immediate circuitry
2. The auxiliary motors would be supplied from a
grouped motor controllers located either in the
engine room ,in a machinery control room
3. On small ships such grouping is not economical
& the major ships auxiliries are normally
supplied directly from the main switch board
 Motor Control Centre

4. For ships that do not have automated machinery

operation, the most economic method of control is to
provide local starters for each auxiliary motor supplied
from power panels located in the same or adjacent spaces

5. When fully automatic machinery control is required, These

techniques are now in common use & microprocessor
devices control the ship machinery through video display
units

6. The ships auxiliaries are generally controlled with PLC

installed inside the MCC