CHINH PHC K THI

Mn Ting Anh
HOMEWORK
2. So old _____ that she couldn't dance.
A. she wasn't
B. she was
C. wasn't she
D. was he
7. _______ circumstances should you call the
police.
A. In
B. Under
C. Under no
D. No
10. Down ____for three days.
A. the rain poured
B. did the rain pour
C. poured the rain
D. do the rain pour
11. It was not until she had arrived home _____ her
appointment with the doctor.
A. when she remembered
B. that she remembered
C. and she remembered
D. did she remember
Clue: It was not until + clause + that + clause
17. Hardly had he entered the office when he realized
that he forgot his wallet.
A. had
B. the
C. when
D. forgot
18. Not only did he spend all his money but also he
borrowed some from me.
A. did he spend
B. all
C. but also he
D. from
 Click to edit title style
Defining Clauses

Non-Defining Clauses
W
ho hic
h
W Reduced Relative Clauses
RELATIVE
CLAUSES Click to add Text
re
W

he

Click to add Text

he

W
n

Click to add Text

Click to add Text
2.1. Defining relative clauses
2.1.1. As Subject:
Who/that (about people)
E.g. She is the woman who/that lives in our
neighborhood.
Which (about things)
Which/that (about things)
E.g. The elephant which/that attacked the villagers
has been put down.
1. What are relative clauses?

Subordinate clauses
Add information about people or things
without repeating the name
E.g.
That is a house. The house was built in 2000.
Thats the house which was built in 2000.
2. Types of Relative Clauses:
2.1. Defining relative clauses (no commas)
- Relative clauses to postmodify a noun
- tell us which person or thing we mean
Examples:
(a) I know the boy who is standing over there.
(b) The book which you lent me is very interesting.

Relative clauses:
(a) who is standing over there
(b) which you lent me
2.1. Defining relative clauses
2.1.1. As Subject:
Who/that (about people)
E.g. She is the woman who/that lives in our
neighborhood.

Which/that (about things)

E.g. The elephant which/that attacked the villagers
has been trapped.
2.1. Defining relative clauses
2.1.2. as Object:
Which/That (for things):
I love the flowers (which/that) my students gave
me.
Who/Whom/That (for people):
Have you known those people (who/whom/that) we
met at the party?

NB: Use whom or leave it out when the relative

pronoun is the object
2.1.2. as Object (cont.)
Where: (about the place)
Do you remember the place where we first met?
When: (about the time)
I remember our wedding day. It was the day when
Hanoi was flooded with water.
Why: (about reason)
Can you tell me the reason why you learn English?
whose (about people/ things)
When I met him he was reading a book whose
name Ive forgotten.
2.1.3. as Object of a preposition
E.g. 1. Who was the woman who you talked to last
night?
Put the preposition after the verb:
When we use whom or which the preposition
sometimes comes at the beginning of the clause:
E.g. 2. I havent read the novel about which you are
talking.
2.1.3. as Object of a preposition
More examples:
Example 3:
The people were generous. I spoke to them.
1. The people to whom I spoke were generous.
(very formal)
2. The people whom I spoke to were generous.
3. The people that I spoke to were generous.
4. The people I spoke to were generous.
2.1.3. as Object of a preposition
More examples:
Example 4:
The flower was beautiful. She was looking at it.
1. The flower at which she was looking was
beautiful. (very formal)
2. The flower which she was looking at was
beautiful.
3. The flower that she was looking at was
beautiful.
4. The flower she was looking at was beautiful.
 PRACTICE 1

Its a movie that stars Kate

Winslet . Its about a ship
which hits an iceberg and
sinks.
Its a comedy which is about a boy
that gets left behind when his family
goes on vacation and there are some
bulglars who try to break into the
house . Its hilarious!
 2.2. Relative Clauses: Non-Defining relative
clauses
It does not try to tell us which person or thing
we mean because we already know which
person or thing is meant
The relative pronouns cannot be deleted!
It gives additional information
Who, whom, whose, which, where (not that)
a. As Subject: Who (about people), Whose
(possessive form), Where (about places)
E.g.
My high school English teacher, whose name is
Thuy, is the one I really admire.
E.g.
My best friend, who was born in Hai Phong, has
moved to England since 2003.
E.g. York, where she lives, is a quiet city.
b. As Object: which, who, whom (about things)
We saw The Descendants of the Sun film, which
we really enjoyed.
My favorite actor is Brad Pitt, whom I saw in Mr. and
Mrs. Smith.
c. as object of a preposition:
He decided to write to Dr. Watts, about whom he
had been told.
d. Quantifiers and numbers: many of whom, most
of whom, one of which, none of whom, some of
which, lots of whom, two of which, etc.
She has three sisters two of whom are married.
I marked three writing assignments last night, one
of which I really enjoyed.
3. Reduced relative clauses
Present participle relative clauses (active)
E.g. The man driving the bus is my brother.
To infinitive (active)
Hes the first/second/ last/only person to finish the test.
Hes the best student to be given the prize.
Past participle relative clauses (passive)
E.g. The book published last week is on the table.
NOTES
Do not reduce the active relative clause when:
- There is a noun between the relative pronoun and
verb.
E.g. The man who Jim is meeting for lunch is
Vietnamese.
- The defining relative clause includes other modal
verbs, not will.
E.g. There are a number of people who should be
asked.
E.g. Do you know the man who will be our
supervisor from next month?
Do you know the man to be our supervisor from
 PRACTICE 2: Choose the best answer:
1. I like books _____by Tran Dang Khoa.
A. write
B. written
C. to write
D. writing
2. The woman _____said she wanted some
privacy.
A. was angry at her naughty kids
B. angry at her naughty kids
C. she angry at her naughty kids
D. angrying at her naughty kids
3. Choose the best answer:
There are six letters _____ today.
A. write
B. writing
C. to be written
D. written
4. The man_____ there is my brother.
A. standing
B. to stand
C. stand
D. stood
5.Choose the best answer:
My grandmother, _____, often goes out for a walk
every morning.
A. young and active
B. is young and active
C. who young and active
D. whom is young and active
6. John is the youngest person _____ the race.
A. to take part in
B. taking part in
C. took part in
D. take part in
 RELATIVE CLAUSES

Defining Non- Reduced

defining relative
clauses clauses clauses

Which Who Where When Whose Why