Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
1.1 1.11
1.2 1.12
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9 Intel core i7
1.10
1.1
1 3
1.1
1980
1.
1980
1990
1990
3.
1990
2.
1 4
1 5
(embedded computers)
1 6
(personal mobile device, PMD)
(apps)
(Warehouse Scale Computers, WSCs)
(Cloud Computing)
1 7
19601970
C Java
1 8
1951
1 9
()
1 10
(
)
1 11
1.2
1.
IC 18 24
2.
(abstraction)
1 12
1.2
3.
4.
5. (pipelining)
1 13
1.2
6. (prediction)
7. (hierarchy of
memories)
8.
1 14
1.3
(interprete)(translate)
1.3
(operating system)
1 15
1.3
1 16
(binary
digit)(bit)
(instruction)
(assembler)
add A,B 1000110010100000
(high-level programming languages)
(assembly language)(machine
language)1.4
1 17
1.4 C
1 18
1.4
1 19
1.4
1.5
1 20
1.5
1 21
1.5
1.10
1951 (vacuum tube) 1
1965 35
1975 900
1995 2,400,000
2013 (Ultra large-scale) 250,000,000,000
1.10
Computer MuseumBoston2013
1 22
1.5
1.11 1977
1.11 DRAM
y kibibits (210 bits)DRAM 20
60%
1 23
1.5
1.12 1.12
20 40
(1.13)
(1.9)
20
17 (
)
(
yield)17/2085%
1 24
1.6
(response time)
(execution
time)
(throughput)
(bandwidth)
1 25
1.
2.
1 26
1 2
2
1 27
1.6
X
1
X =
X
X YX Y
X > Y
1 1
>
X Y
Y > X
1 28
1.6
X Y n X Yn
X
=
Y
X Y
= =
Y X
1 29
1.6
(elapsed time)
(CPU
execution time CPU time)
(user CPU time)
(system CPU time)
1 30
1.6
(system performance)
(CPU performance)
(clock period)
(clock rate)
1 31
1 32
=
(clock cycles per instruction)
CPI
1 33
CPI
1 34
1 35
CPI IPC
IPC=2 CPI=0.5
1 36
1.7
0/1
1
2
2
1
2
2
1 37
1.7
15%
20 5V 1V
40%
1 38
1 39
1.8
1.17
2002
2006
1 40
1.17 1980
SPECint (1.10 )VAX 11/780 1980
25%
52%1980 52%
25% 2002
2002
22%
1 41
1.8
(balance the load)
(reduce communication and
synchronization overhead)
1 42
1.8
2.10
3.6
4.10
5.10 (memory
hierarchy)
5.11
1 43
1.8
1 44
1.9 Intel Core i7
1 45
SPEC
(benchmarks)
1 46
SPEC
SPEC(System Performance
Evaluation Cooperative)
1989 SPEC SPEC89
SPEC CPU2006
12 (CINT2006)17
(CFP2006)
1 47
SPEC
SPEC
12
SPECratio ()
(geometric mean)
1 48
SPEC
SPEC
SPECpower 10%
SPEC
ssj_
1 49
1.10
(fallacies)
(pitfalls)
1 50
1.10
Amdahls
= +
1 51
1.10
1 53
1.11
(instruction set architecture)
1 54
1.11
1 55
1.12
1 56