Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
PUMPS PERFORMANCE
1
Net Positive Suction Head (NPSH)
On the suction side of a pump, There is a possibility of
cavitation occurring within the pump due to low
pressures.
cavitation occurs when the liquid pressure at a given
location is reduced to the vapor pressure of the liquid .
This causes loss in efficiency as well as structural
damage to the pump.
Potential for cavitation is characterized with the
difference between the total head on the suction side,
near the pump impeller inlet,
And
the liquid vapor pressure head,
reference for the elevation head passes through the
centerline of the pump impeller inlet.
2
Net Positive Suction Head (NPSH)
This difference is called the net positive suction head
NPSH
3
The energy equation applied
between the free liquid
surface, where the pressure is
atmospheric, Patm and a point
on the suction side of the
pump near the impeller inlet
yields
so that
4
Absolute pressures are normally used since the vapor
pressure is usually specified as an absolute pressure. For
proper pump operation it is necessary that
Impeller NPSH
Diameter
Developed
Head
Horsepower
Flow Rate
Q = 300 gpm
Example
Di= 10
Head(ft) = 95 ft
(%) = 70
P(hp) = 10HP
Power Input
Pfluid fluid
Sp. Gr. fluid
Pwater water
Estimate
(a)the design-point discharge,
(b)the water horsepower, and
(c)the head if b1 = b2 =1.75 in.
Solution Part (a)
The angular velocity is
with
the discharge is
Example -Part (b)
given
19
Effect of Operating Pumps - in Parallel
For two identical pumps in parallel, the combined
performance curve is obtained by adding flowrates at the
same head, as shown in Fig
The flowrate for the system will
not be doubled with the addition
of two pumps in parallel (if the
same system curve applies).
20
Dimensionless Parameters and Similarity Laws
Characteristics of pumps are usually determined
experimentally,
dimensional analysis and similitude considerations will be
useful in the study and documentation of these
characteristics.
The principal, dependent pump variables are the actual
head rise, ha, shaft power, WShaft, and efficiency, .
incompressible fluids - compressibility effects not
Considetred
21
Dimensionless Parameters and Similarity Laws
power coefficient
22
Dimensionless Parameters and Similarity Laws
23
Dimensionless Parameters and Similarity Laws
It follows then
25
Dimensionless Parameters and Similarity Laws
27
Special Pump Scaling Laws
Two special cases related to pump similitude commonly
arise.
In the first case we are interested in how a change in the
operating speed, , for a given pump, affects pump
characteristics. For the same flow coefficient (and
therefore the same efficiency) with D1 = D2 (the same
pump)
28
Special Pump Scaling Laws
Also
30
Special Pump Scaling Laws
The effects of viscosity and surface roughness have
been neglected
But as the pump size decreases these effects more
significantly influence efficiency because of smaller
clearances and blade size.
In general,
The similarity laws will not be very accurate with other fluid
being highly viscous as tests on a model pump uses water
the fluid physics involved with oil Low Re # is different from
the higher Re # flow associated with water.
31
Specific Speed
A useful pi term can be obtained by eliminating diameter
D between the flow coefficient and the head rise
coefficient.
32
Suction Specific Speed
In dimensional form
33
Pump Performance Curves
Efficiency
Impeller NPSH
Diameter
Developed
Head
Horsepower
Flow Rate
Power Input
W
P m
W
m
g ft lb f gal 1 ft 3 lbm
H q 3
P(hp)
g c lbm min 7.48 gal ft
ft lb f s
550 60
s hp min