109

Seminar by
Eng. Al zaera Ali Shteep
Under supervision of
Dr. Nabile Abed Alwahab Hassine

Spring 2017
 Introduction
Objective of Research
Experimental Work
Flow chart for this work
Sample Preparation
Analysis
Electrical properties
The basis of nanotechnology is the ability to form nano-
sized particles, for example nano powders, which are
solid particles that measure on the nano scale, usually
less than 100nm.
Nano powders can be used in most of the applications;
ZnO has received much attention over the past few
years because it has a wide range of properties that
depend on doping, including a range of conductivity
from metallic to insulating, it has a high transparency,
piezoelectricity, wide band gap semi conductivity,
room-temperature ferromagnetism, and huge magneto-
optic and chemical-sensing effects.
Applications of nanocrystalline ZnO

solar cells

biomedical sciences
varistors devices
 photovoltaic devices Transducers devices Magnetic devices

Electrical devices Sensors devices

Optoelectronics devices

Optical devices
1. investigation of some electrical properties of nano
ZnO powder.
2. investigate conduction nonlinearity :- current
voltage characteristics for ZnO - based varistors.
3. Study compacted and sintered of nano ZnO at a
range of temperatures and holding times to
determine optimum sintering temperature and time
that produces least grain growth.
 Flow Chart for Work
grinding the sample Ball mill
machine

hr 5 hr 10 hr 15 Analysis
Grain size Grain size Grain size ((SEM
nm 30 = nm 19= nm 35= ((XRD

compressing the Dry

sample compaction
machine
Analysis
((SEM
XRD )) Sintering Calculate of
Green Density

Calculated
Densification Measurement
some electrical
properties
 Sample Preparation

Material
As received zinc oxide powder granules,
manufactured by the (BDH) Laboratory supplies
poole,BH15 1TD, England. 0btained from the wet
chemical process, were used as a starting in this
work. The powder granules had an overall average
grain size of about(47nm) , and a density of (5.606)
g/cm3, and (99.0%) purity, The picture of znO
powder.
The present work will focus on the preparation of
ZnO nano powder.

We was take zinc oxide powder prepared by DHD

company at weight 50 g then grounded to a nano
powder via high ball mill energy machine where
The ratio of the weight Zno to steel balls was chosen
to be 10:1,the ratio is high to minimizing the chance
of adhesion of powder together.
zinc oxide before grinding process
Compound Name Chemical Formula Semi Quant %

Zinc Oxide ZnO 100

Milled
MilledSample
Milled Sample in
Sample five
Ten hours
in fifteen
hours
hour
NONPowdr(30nm)at10H nan-powde(19nm)at5H

Nano-powder (35nm) at 15 H
 Dry compaction

Zinc oxide powder was formed with a die

pressed by hydraulic press at 1mosphere to
27.5Mpa. Each samples (30 ,19, 35nm)
powder in ball mill are pressed under same
condition where a samples shaped as a
cylinder (10.2mm) diameter of a bout 19 mm
length.
This chart illustrates the process of sintering
Green density () Green density () Green density () Green density ()
sample (1) sample (2) sample (3)
30nm g/cm 3.532 g /cm 3.5345 g /cm 3.551
19nm g /cm 3.489 g /cm 3.390 g /cm 3.345
35nm g /cm 3.39 g /cm 3.334 g /cm 3.347
The most important property of varistor is the
non-linear (I V) characteristics of this device .

1.non-linearity:-current-voltage characteristics
I = (v / c )

Where = non-linear coefficient

V = voltage I = current
= log (I2/I1)/ log(V2/V1)

2. Leakage current.
It is the current which passes through the device in the
pre-breakdown region. Ideally, a varistor should have
no Ieakage current, it means that the device should
be an ideal insulator in the fields below the
breakdown field.
3. Breakdown voltage.
It is known that the breakdown voltage is associated
with the number of ZnO/insulator boundaries within
the device. The higher the value of E0.5,th e smaller
the device for a given protection level.
?Questions/Comments