TRANSPORTATION AND

PUBLIC FACILITIES
PLANNING
 WHAT IS TRANSPORTATION PLANNING
ONE OF THE MOST VITAL ELEMENTS OF URBAN COMMUNITY IS ITS
TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM.
STREETS, HIGHWAYS, PUBLIC TRANSIT, AIRPORTS, AND RAILROADS ARE
ESSENTIALS TO THE ORDERLY FUNCTIONING OF AN URBAN AREA BY
PROVIDING MOBILITY FOR PEOPLE AND GOODS AS WELL AS ACCESS TO
LAND.
 LEVELS OF TRANSPORTATION PLANNING

1. Regional Planning 2. Sub-regional planning

Aimed at the develop overall Aimed needs for a smaller area,
transportation system for a large such as down town, individual
region. community, or neighborhood.
 3.Corridor Level planning 4.Spot improvements
Aimed at improvements particular Aimed at the needs of particular
in corridor, such as freeway corridor intersections and highways
or a subway line segments.
 Long range transportation plan looks at regional transportation needs over
a 15 to 25 year period. Primary emphasis in the long-range plan is on
determining the needs for developing fixed, high-capital facilities, such as
freeway or major transit links, which require substantial lead time and
planning in order to minimize adverse effects.
Transportation systems management plan differs from the long range plan
in that it emphasize managerial improvements, low-capital improvements,
and non-fixed facilities.
Transportation improvement program is a detailed schedule of specific
projects that can be implemented over a 5 year period.
 BASIC FOR TRANSPORTATION PLANNING
Legislative and organization basis. Transportation planning in an urban area
is based upon the 1962 federal Aid hi-way Act, which states that,after july
1,1965, the secretary shall not approve. Any programs for projects an any
urban area of more 50,000 population unless he finds such projects are
based on continuining, comprehensive planning process carried out
cooperatively by steates and local community by states and local
communities.
The Federal Highway Act of 1962 also created a need for a new
organizational structures to carry out the planning activities. most urban
areas responded with creation of regional planning agencies for the
preparation plans and for other planning functions (such as land-use
planning and environmental planning).
 BASIC FOR TRANSPORTATION PLANNING
Theoretical basis. The development of transportation plans is based upon a
number of theoretical concepts about the way cities function and the role
of transportation. The first of these is an understanding of the relationship
between transportation and land use. This relationship is called the land use
transportation cycle.
The Second Theoretical Concept underlying tranportation planning is that of
derived demand. This theory, which is related to the land use transportation
cycle, states that the demand for travel derives from the demand to do
other things.
The concept of in inpedence minimization refers to the attempt to reduce
the negative aspects of trip making, such as cost, time, discomfort and
inconvenience.
 THE URBAN TRANSPORTATION PLANNING
PROCESS
1.) Study organization. The first major steps in the planning process is the
organization of the study and detailed planning of the subsequent steps.
Activities at this stage include formation of advisory committees made up of
citizens and technicians; scheduling of task; defining the study area; and
development of a traffic analysis zone system and network structure.
TRAFFIC ANALYSIS ZONE SYSTEM is an essential part of the modeling system. The
study area is divided into a set of a small geographic areas, and all activities
are assumed to take place at the centroid of these zones
2.) Problem definition. In the problem definition phase, regional goals are
formulated for both and land use and transportation. Transportation goals
generally fall in three major categories: (1) Those concerned with mobility: (2)
Those concerned with the cost of transportation: (3) Those concerned with the
impacts of transportation on the community and environment
DATA COLLECTION
Basic data are needed on the characteristics of the existing system,
including information about land use patterns, transportation supply, travel
demand, economic conditions and natural resources . land use data would
include information on how to it is zoned for future use.this kinds of data are
obtain periodically in order to give an accurate picture on how to use of
land changes overtime.

MODEL CALIBRATION
The data collected in the inventory phase are them used to calibrate a
series of mathematical models used to forecast future conditions and
patterns. Each model that is used has a series of parameters that are set by
comparing patterns that can be observe from the data collection activities
with does that are simulated by a model.
LAND-USE FORECAST
The next major is to develop forecasts. forecast are made of future land-
used demand and travel patterns in order to test the alternate plans against
the criteria . this process is fairly complex and requires the use of a series of
mathematical models

TRAVEL DEMAND
Simulation of travel demand is done by using a sequence of four major
mathematical models
1.trip generation
2.trip distribution
3.mode choice
4.traffic assignment
MODAL SPLIT
The next step in the process is to determine what percentage of trips
between an origin and destination uses transit and what percentage uses
auto mobiles . the choice of travel mode is a function of many factors.

TRAFFIC ASSIGNMENT
The final step in the transporatation modeling process is to assign the transit
person trips and auto mobile vehicle trips to the transportation network.for
computer analysis ,the transportation network is to describe as a series of
links and nodes
 PUBLIC FACILITIES PLANNING
There is a strong relationship between the planning of communities and the
provision of public facilities. That is, the physical and economic development
or redevelopment of regions, metropolitan areas, communities,
neighborhoods, and even single streets requires certain public investments.
 TYPES OF PUBLIC FACILITIES FOR LOCAL
DEVELOPMENT
HIGHWAYS, STREETS, AND WALKS
Public Utilities Public Facilities and Services
Water Supplies Administrative and service offices
Sanitary Sewer Fire and Police Station
Storm water sewer Libraries
Private Utilities Schools
Gas Parks and Playground
Electricity Solid Waste Collection
Telephone