INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY

Sector
COMPUTER HARDWARE SERVICING NC II
Qualification

Units of Competency
Installing computer systems and networks
Diagnosing and troubleshooting computer system
Configuring computer systems and networks
Maintaining computer systems and networks

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 What is the computer
Compute the amount of a number it is called
computer.
A computer is an electronic machine that can be
programmed to accept data (input), process it into
useful information (output), and store it in a storage
media for future use.
A device that computes, especially a programmable
electronic machine that performs high-speed
mathematical or logical operations or that
assembles, stores, correlates, or otherwise processes
information.

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 Abacus
The abacus, a simple
counting aid, may have
been invented in Babylonia
(now Iraq) in the fourth
century B.C.
This device allows users to
make computations using a
system of sliding beads
arranged on a rack.

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 Analytical Engine
The system was started by kick the boot. So
this process is called booting process.
This computer is also called Pre Electrically
engine.
This computer was invent by Charles Babbage.
Charles Babbage is the father of computers.

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 First Electrically Engine
This computer was invented by Dr. Herman
Hollerith.

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 Digital Computer
This computer is called ABC (Atanasoff Berry
Computer).
This computer was invent by John Vincent
Atanasoff and his student Clifford Berry.

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 ENIAC
This computer invented by John W. Mauchley.
This computer used for U.S. Army and Navy for bombing and
firing.
ENIAC contained 17,468 vacuum tubes, 7,200 crystal diodes,
1,500 relays, 70,000 resistors, 10,000 capacitors and around 5
million hand-soldered joints. It weighed more than 30short
tons (27 t), was roughly 8 by 3 by 100 feet (2.4 m 0.9 m
30 m), took up 1800 square feet (167 m2), and consumed
150 kW of power.

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 Colossus
This computer also used for army and navy for
bombing and firing.
This computer is invented by Max Newman.

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 Technical Evolution of Computers
Increase in speed

Increase in storage capacity

Increase in reliability
Reduction in system cost

Period Circuitry Input Output Storage Language Typical

computers

1951- Vacuum Punched Punched Magnetic Assembly UNIVAC-1

1959 Tubes cards & cards Tapes
magnetic
tapes
1959- Transistors Punched Punched Magnetic High level IBM 1400
1965 cards & cards Tapes languages
magnetic FORTRAN
tapes
1965- Integrated Keyboards Monitors Magnetic PASCAL IBM
1971 Circuits disks System/360
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 Generations Of Computers
(1). First Generation
(2). Second Generation
(3). Third Generation
(4). Fourth Generation
(5). Fifth Generation

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 First Generation
(1942 - 1954)
Advantages:-
1. These computer were the fastest
calculating device.
2. They perform there computation
in mini second.
Disadvantages:-
1. They were large in size.
2. Slow in speed.
3. Its generate more heat.
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 Second Generation
(1955 - 1964)
Advantages:-
1. They are small in size as compared to
first generation computer.
2. They generate less amount of heat.
3. They composed very little power.
Disadvantages:-
1. Air conditioning were required.
2. Constant maintaining was required.
3. Product was difficult and costly.
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 Third Generation
(1965 - 1975)
Advantages:-
1. They are smaller in size as compared
previous generation computer.
2. They are more reliable.
3. They generated less amount of heat.
Disadvantages:-
1. While creating IC chip highly lopliecated
technology was used.
2. Air conditioning required in many places.
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 Fourth Generation
(1975 - 1989)
Advantages:-
1. They are small in size.
2. They generated negligible amount of
heat.
3. They were very much reliable.
Disadvantages:-
1. Highly sophisticated technology is
required for the many future are large
scull integrate on (LSI) chip.
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 Fifth Generation
(1989 - Present)
Till fourth generation computer the
main stress was on hardware
technology though. These computer
are factor more accurate, reliable,
small in size and cheapest and still
they back their own thinking power.
The fifth generation to make division
like human being it will be more
eyeful in knowledge processing
rather than data processing.
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 Type of modern computers
1. Micro Computer
2. Mini Computer
3. Main Frame Computer
4. Supper Computer

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 Micro Computer
Desk top computer is called micro computer.
This computer is used in playing games,
moves, songs and create data.
E.g. Desktop and Laptop.

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 Mini Computer
Mini computer is also called Mid Ring Server.
Mini computer is a centralize server of that 100 peoples.
There are mutable processing unit in a single chip out off each
processing unit can do sprit kind of word. It is improve religion
of micro computer.
E.g.. Roux magnum CDC 60 etc.

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 Main Frame Computer
This computer is centralize server of that
1000 peoples at a time.
This computer is big and very heavy.

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 Supper Computer
This computer is used for chemical analysis
and weather information.

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 Computer Works

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 Peripheral of the Computer
It is two types.
1):- Internal
2):- External

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 Peripherals
Input Device = Scanner, keyboard, mouse, CD drive, sound
card, digital camera.
Output Devise = Monitor, printer, CD R/W, speakers, sound
card.
Processing Device = CPU, RAM, BIOS, motherboard,
microprocessor.
Storage Device = it is two types.
A):- Magnetic Storage Device = HDD, FDD, Tape Drive.
B):- Optical Storage Device = CDD, DVD.
Network Device= Switch/Hub, Modem, Router, LAN Card

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