PIPELINE OPERATIONS

THROUGH SCADA

K Kumar
DGM(T&I), PL . HO

PIPELINE OPERATIONS THROUGH SCADA

 SCADA

Objectives of SCADA system

To provide effective & efficient monitoring and control of

entire pipeline network.
Remote control of important station equipment, process set
points & block valves from SCC / MCC.
Emergency shutdown of entire pipeline from MCC.
Acquisition & display of pipeline parameters, alarms from
attended stations, scraper stations, C.P. Stations & block
valves at MCC.

PIPELINE OPERATIONS THROUGH SCADA

 TYPICAL ORIGINATING PUMP STN LINE DIAGRAM
STRAINER FLOW MASTER
BOOSTER SECTION
SECTION METER METER

TANKS

DENSITY
METER

MAINLINE
PUMPING SECTION

SUMP
PUMP &
TANK

MOV PRESSURE/TEMPERATURE
INSTRUMENTS SCRAPPER
LAUNCHING
NRV
BARRELTION

HOV
PIPELINE OPERATIONS THROUGH SCADA
 TANK AND MANIFOLD INTERLOCKS LOGIC
LS,
LT
TANK LINEUP CONDITIONS:

1. Sufficient ullage in the tank ensured by LT.

2. Tank Valve will be opened when there is no
Low Alarm
3. System will allow only one tank valve at a time.
TO BOOSTERS 4. During changeover 25% valve opening gives
5. command for the closure of other tank valve.
6. Manifold valve operation is also similar.
7. Failure of above operation, sequence incomplete
MANIFOLD
condition will ensure shutdown of equipments.

PIPELINE OPERATIONS THROUGH SCADA

 BOOSTERS LINE UP LOGIC
BOOSTERS

1. Any one of the tank and manifold valve

should be inn open condition.
2. Discharge valve of the booster should be
closed.
3. No faults in the booster alarms should exist.
4. Maximum only 2 Nos. of boosters can start.
5. Start command opens cution valve, then to
pump. Once pump runs discharge valve is
opened.
6. Suction Pressure alarm comes online after a
time delay.
7. Any alarm initiation trips the boosters.

PIPELINE OPERATIONS THROUGH SCADA

 MAINLINE PUMP LINE UP LOGIC
1. Mainline Pumps are either Engine Driven or Motor Driven.
2. In case of Engine Driven Pump, a self contained control panel
ensures the healthy status of all engine/pump parameters.
3. In case of Motor Driven Pump, the health of the equipment is
monitored directly by the SCC.
4. Precondition to start : Discharge valve should be closed, No fault
condition exist confirms the availability of the equipment.
5. Start command opens suction valve, then to pump. Once pump runs
opens discharge valve.
6. Any failure in the sequence will not allow the pump to start.
7. While pump running, any alarm of the pump/station like high discharge, ESD,
Sump Tank Level Hi-Hi etc. will trip the system and isolates the system by
closing the valves.
8. All important alarms are derived from Primary instruments as well as
secondary instruments to ensure fail safe operation.

PIPELINE OPERATIONS THROUGH SCADA

PIPELINE OPERATIONS THROUGH SCADA
PIPELINE OPERATIONS THROUGH SCADA
 DISCHARGE MOV
FAILED TO CLOSE
WITH IN PRESET TIME?
(120 SEC)

PIPELINE OPERATIONS THROUGH SCADA

PIPELINE OPERATIONS THROUGH SCADA
PIPELINE OPERATIONS THROUGH SCADA
PIPELINE OPERATIONS THROUGH SCADA
PIPELINE OPERATIONS THROUGH SCADA
PIPELINE OPERATIONS THROUGH SCADA
 AUTOMATIC CONTROL OPERATION
PT
PT
MAINLINE PUMPING UNITS
BP PI PS PT
TANK TM

PI PS PI PI PS PI PI PS
PI
PS PS PS PS PS
BP PS

PID LOOP
SET POINT
CONTROLLERS
FP

LOW
GOVERNOR /
VFD / CONTROL
SP SIGNAL
VALVE
SELECTOR

DP

PIPELINE OPERATIONS THROUGH SCADA

PIPELINE OPERATIONS THROUGH SCADA
 TYPICAL CONTROL LOOP OF RECEIVING STATION
PT PS PI PI
SD

SRB
SD

PCV
PT

BP LOW
S
DPI
T
R.
SIGNAL

FC
SELECTO
R
T T LS,
M M LT

PS PT

DM

PIPELINE OPERATIONS THROUGH SCADA

PIPELINE OPERATIONS THROUGH SCADA
 LOCAL CONTROL SYSTEM /
PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC CONTROL SYSTEM

OBJECTIVES ARE -LOGIC CONTROL - PROCESS CONTROL

COMMUNICATION WITH SCC

Digital I/Os
Analog I/Os
CPU & Communication interface

Field Instruments
PIPELINE OPERATIONS THROUGH SCADA Independent Control System Irrespective of SCADA
 CONTROL SYSTEM
During the scan, a PLC

Monitors Inputs

Scan Executes Program

Changes Outputs

20
PIPELINE OPERATIONS THROUGH SCADA
 TYPICAL SCADA ARRANGEMENT

MCC

COMMUNICATION
SERVER
COMMUNICATION LINK

SCC, SCC, SCC,

Originating BV BV Intermediate BV Delivery
Station RTU RTU Station RTU Station

PIPELINE OPERATIONS THROUGH SCADA

 APPLICATION SERVERS (32
DUAL REDUNDANT SCADA OPERATOR
BIT)
ENGG/PROGRAMMIN MCS cum SCC SERVERS (32 WORKSTATIONS (32BIT) SIC terminal (32 BIT)
G TERMINAL 15 Flat 15 Flat Mon.
BIT) 19 Fat Mon. 50TFT 15 Flat Mon.
Mon. 15 Flat Mon. Screen
Display

DUAL REDUNDANT
100 MBPS ETHERNET LAN

In owners OFC
based
Interface between communication
RTU / PLC Printers & Dual LAN
system provision
CPU, Memory, P C C I P C C I shall be made for
comm. Module, I/O S P O O S P O O
Ethernet Interface
controller, power U U M C U U M C
supply
DOT MATRIX
point to point
PRINTER redundant
communication
Communication Server with each PLC of
/ FES
Ethernet
SCCs
LASERJET
PRINTER
I/O MODULES
Multi drop
redundant
communication
with RTUs of
MODBUS Interface FIELD DEVICES
block valves
to third party V.28/Ethernet
devices e.g. flow
computers, RTG,
VFD etc.

TYPICAL MCS cum SCC CONFIGURATION

PIPELINE OPERATIONS THROUGH SCADA

 SCADA
Major functions of SCADA system
Data acquisition / Communication

Alarm & Event processing

Control processing/commands

Trend generation

Shift / Daily /Maintenance Reports

Management Information Reports

23
PIPELINE OPERATIONS THROUGH SCADA
 APPLICATION SOFTWARE
LEAK DETECTION & LOCATION MODULE
Sensing Pipeline Leakage and Location
BATCH TRACKING/INTERFACE ANALYSIS
Calculation of motion and position of batches
PIG TRACKING
Tracks Movement of pig
LOOK AHEAD MODEL
To predict future trends of pressures and flow with respect to pump changes
PIPELINE EFFICIENCY
Recommends for cleaning of pipeline
PREDICTIVE MODEL
Simulates the hydraulic dynamics of the pipeline (Offline)

PIPELINE OPERATIONS THROUGH SCADA

 LEAK DETECTION SYSTEM
Typical Leak detection system consists following software
modules :
WHEN LINE IN OPERATION
Pressure & Flow Profile Module / Pressure Wave Module -
To detect leak and location
Volume balance method : To detect leak only
UNDER SHUT IN CONDITION
Pressure wave module : To detect leak and location
Pressure Drop method : To detect leak only

PIPELINE OPERATIONS THROUGH SCADA

 LDS Functional Overview
Dynamic flow balance method

A simple LDS could be based upon detecting an

imbalance between a measured inlet flow and a
measured outlet flow (ie Net Volume Line
Balance)

Qin Qout

PIPELINE OPERATIONS THROUGH SCADA

 LDS Functional Overview
Ideal Pressure Control Upstream

Pu

Pressure

PDCALC
Pipe Length

UPD
With ideal pressure control upstream PDMEAS
UPD = PDCALC - PDMEAS
UPD is Unexpected Pressure Downstream
PDCALC is Calculated Pressure Downstream
PDMEAS is Measured Pressure Downstream
UPD = 0 implies no leak

PIPELINE OPERATIONS THROUGH SCADA

 LDS Functional Overview
Ideal Pressure Control Upstream

The pressure profile is capable of indicating leaks, but

small leaks have minimal effect on pressure

the leak cannot be located

difficult to filter out normal pressure variations

Profiling the flow using flow control downstream

increases the model accuracy

PIPELINE OPERATIONS THROUGH SCADA

 LDS Functional Overview
Pressure Profiling (Upstream Pressure Control)

Pu

Pressure

Pd
Pipe Length

PIPELINE OPERATIONS THROUGH SCADA

 LDS Functional Overview
Ideal Flow Control Downstream

QUMEAS
UFU
QUCALC
Flow

Pipe Length

With ideal flow control downstream

UFU = QUMEAS - QUCALC
UFU is Unexpected Flow Upstream
QU CALC is Calculated Flow Upstream
QUMEAS is Measured Flow Upstream
UFU = 0 implies no leak

PIPELINE OPERATIONS THROUGH SCADA

 LDS Functional Overview
Flow Profiling (Downstream Flow Control)

QU

QD
Flow

Pipe Length

PIPELINE OPERATIONS THROUGH SCADA

 MODEL BASED LEAK DETECTION

PIPELINE OPERATIONS THROUGH SCADA

 LDS Functional Overview
Response Time Series

response
. threshold

time
t1 t2
event periods
leak level 1 level 2 level 3 level 4 response levels
occurs
detection time

PIPELINE OPERATIONS THROUGH SCADA

 PRESSURE DROP METHOD- leak notified

PIPELINE OPERATIONS THROUGH SCADA

 Typical leak sensitivity data on dynamic flow

% leak Location time

2% + 10 km 20-30 mins

5% + 5 km 15-20 mins

10% + 2 km 5 mins

PIPELINE OPERATIONS THROUGH SCADA

 APPLICATION SOFTWARE
LEAK DETECTION & LOCATION MODULE
Sensing Pipeline Leakage and Location
BATCH TRACKING/INTERFACE ANALYSIS
Calculation of motion and position of batches
PIG TRACKING
Tracks Movement of pig
LOOK AHEAD MODEL
To predict future trends of pressures and flow with respect to pump changes
PIPELINE EFFICIENCY
Recommends for cleaning of pipeline
PREDICTIVE MODEL
Simulates the hydraulic dynamics of the pipeline (Offline)

PIPELINE OPERATIONS THROUGH SCADA

 SYSTEM RELIABILITY
1. MAJOR EQUIPMENT LIKE PLC, SCADA SERVER ARE AVAILABLE
IN HOT STANDBY MODE. ONLY STANDBY IS NOT AVAILABLE
FOR RTUs.

2. FAILURE OF COMMUNICATION WILL INHIBIT THE CONTROL

COMMANDS. ALTERNATE HIRED COMMUNICATION TO SCCs
WILL HELP IN OPERATING FROM MCC WITHOUT APPLICATION
SOFTWARE .

3. STATION LEAKAGES CANNOT BE DETECTED. CCTV WITH

MOTION SENSOR GENERATE ALARM

4. PROPER MAINTENANCE OF STATION WITH TO REGARD

LEAKS/EQUIPMENT CAN ENSURE RELIABLE FUNCTIONING OF
SCADA SYSTEM
 38
PIPELINE OPERATIONS THROUGH SCADA
 SYSTEM CAPABILITIES AND BENEFIT
OPERATIONAL INFORMATION AND CONTROL

Data is acquired from field sensors / instruments

Data is processed for monitoring and control of
Engines/Motors, Valves etc.
Supports operator decisions; reports and isolates abnormal
situations
Operator settable alarms for station from centralized master
station for pressure and flow
Emergency shutdown of entire pipeline from MCC in a
defined sequence starting from the terminal station so as to
keep the line pressurized .
Acquires and displays repeater data such as pressure,
temperature, MOV status, intrusion alarms.
The block valve under the respective station can be locally
controlled by the station control centre in case master-
station communication fails.
 SYSTEM CAPABILITIES AND BENEFIT
OPERATIONAL INFORMATION AND CONTROL
Data is communicated over dedicated Communication channels
to local and centrally located system at remote
When the communication between master and local station/
repeater fails, the system maintains the previous state of
operationi.e. there shall not be operational shutdwn.
Communication failure indication shall be messaged to the
operator.
While controlling the SCC from MCC by way of commands or
change of set points, confirmation is sought from the address
before execution of command/ change of set point takes place.
Bump less transfer from local station control to Master station
and Vice versa.
Can remotely prove the flow meters and effect calibration
factors.
 SYSTEM CAPABILITIES AND BENEFIT
MAINTENANCE BENEFITS
Data is stored as history
Archives data and alarms for future analysis
Generates hourly and daily shift reports
Generates equipment running hour report
Acquires and displays parameters of CP system such
as power availability, PSP etc.
Remote and auto start of DG set in RCPs
Event database will maintain all alarms, alarm
acknowledgements, return to normal process,
operator control actions.
On-line data base can be modified from Master.
Permits security level log-ins.