FRICTION

BY- TANUJ NAMBOODRI

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING ROORKEE
What is friction?
Friction is the force resisting the relative motion of
solid surfaces, fluid layers, and material elements
sliding against each other.
A resistance encountered when one body moves
relative to another.
A force on objects or substances in contact with each
other.
Note:- Forces of action reaction between
contacting surface act normal to the surface.
Examples of friction in our daily life
Rubbing both hands together to generate heat.
Iron being pushed across material
Car roaming on the streets.
Turning of bikes on curves.
Skies sliding on snow.
Pulling a trolley.
Books sliding.
Walking & many more
Desired & Undesired friction forces
Desired friction forces are forces that help us in work.
Example: Friction help us in walking.

Undesired friction forces are forces that opposes our work,

create resistance in our work.
Its a loss of energy.
Example : Friction between Gears.
Fluid flow through pipes.
Types of friction.
Dry Friction
Occurs between no
lubricated surfaces of two
solids.
Fluid Friction
Occurs when adjacent
layer in a fluid move at
different velocities.
Types of Dry Friction
Static Friction
When applied force is less
than or equal to the
friction force & object
doesn't move is called static
friction.
F(r)F(a)
F(r)= friction force
F(a)= force applied
Kinetic Friction
When applied force is
greater than friction force
& object starts moving is
called kinetic friction.
F(r) <F(a)
Static Friction
Formula
F(r) = s (N)
Where F(r) = Frictional
Force
s = Coefficient of static
friction.
N = Normal force on the
object.
Kinetic Friction
Formula
F(r) = k (N)
Where, F(r) = Frictional
force value.
k = coefficient of kinetic
friction
N = Normal force on object.
Coefficient of friction ()
Object is in static motion.
F = F(r)
F(r)= mg cos
F = mg sin
mgsin = mgcos
= mgsin / mgcos
= tan
tan 1
1
Friction in Robotics.
Robots on inclination slides back on track.
For this problem friction should be increased in wheels , grips
should be applied.
Friction between gear is loss of energy implies to decrease in
efficiency of robots.
Friction must be reduced for reducing friction grease to be
applied on gears.
Friction between gears scrape the gear teeth, and it destroys
gear motors.
For heavy work high torque motor to be used.