3 May 2007

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Long Term Evolution (LTE) and

System Architecture Evolution (SAE)

>v1.0 3rd May 2007

 3 May 2007

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Contents

> Why LTE/SAE?

> LTE Overview
> LTE technical objectives and architecture
> LTE radio interface
> RAN interfaces
> SAE architechture [3GPP TS 23.401]
> Functions of eNB
> Functions of aGW
> GTP-U tunneling
> Non-3GPP access tunneling
> Testing challenges with LTE
> LTE standardisation status
 3 May 2007

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Why LTE/SAE?

> Packet Switched data is becoming more and more dominant

> VoIP is the most efficient method to transfer voice data
Need for PS optimised system
> Amount of data is continuously growing
Need for higher data rates at lower cost
> Users demand better quality to accept new services
High quality needs to be quaranteed
> Alternative solution for non-3GPP technologies (WiMAX) needed

> LTE will enhance the system to satisfy these requirements.

 3 May 2007

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LTE Overview

> 3GPP R8 solution for the next 10 years

> Peaks rates: DL 100Mbps with OFDMA, UL 50Mbps with SC-FDMA
> Latency for Control-plane < 100ms, for User-plane < 5ms
> Optimised for packet switched domain, supporting VoIP
> Scaleable RF bandwidth between 1.25MHz to 20MHz
> 200 users per cell in active state
> Supports MBMS multimedia services
> Uses MIMO multiple antenna technology
> Optimised for 0-15km/h mobile speed and support for up-to 120-350
km/h
> No soft handover, Intra-RAT handovers with UTRAN
> Simpler E-UTRAN architecture: no RNC, no CS domain, no DCH
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LTE technical objectives and architecture

> User throughput [/MHz]:

Downlink: 3 to 4 times Release 6 HSDPA
Uplink: 2 to 3 times Release 6 Enhanced Uplink
> Downlink Capacity: Peak data rate of 100 Mbps in 20 MHz maximum
bandwidth
> Uplink capacity: Peak data rate of 50 Mbps in 20 MHz maximum
bandwidth
> Latency: Transition time less than 5 ms in ideal conditions (user
plane), 100 ms control plane (fast connection setup)
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> Mobility: Optimised for low speed but supporting 120 km/h
Most data users are less mobile!
> Simplified architecture: Simpler E-UTRAN architecture: no RNC, no
CS domain, no DCH
> Scalable bandwidth: 1.25MHz to 20MHz: Deployment possible in
GSM bands.
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LTE radio interface

> New radio interface modulation: SC-FDMA UL

and OFDMA DL
Frequency division, TTI 1 ms
Scalable bandwidth 1.25-20MHz
TDD and FDD modes
UL/DL in either in same or in another
frequncy
OFDMA has multiple orthogonal subcarries
that can be shared between users
quickly adjustable bandwith per user
SC-FDMA is technically similar to OFDMA but
is better suited for uplink from hand-held
devices From Ericsson, H. Djuphammar
Single carrier, time space multiplexing
Tx consumes less power
 3 May 2007

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LTE/SAE Keywords

> aGW Access Gateway

> eNB Evolved NodeB
> EPC Evolved Packet Core
> E-UTRAN Evolved UTRAN
> IASA Inter-Access System Anchor
> LTE Long Term Evolution of UTRAN
> MME Mobility Management Entity
> OFDMA Ortogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access
> SC-FDMA Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access
> SAE System Architecture Evolution
> UPE User Plane Entity
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RAN interfaces

>X2 interface between eNBs for

handovers
S1
>Handover in 10 ms
eNB
>No soft handovers
>Interfaces using IP over aGW
E1/T1/ATM/Ethernet / X2
>Load sharing in S1 S8
>S1 divided to S1-U (to UPE) and S1-
C (to CPE) eNB

>Single node failure has limited aGW

effects X2

eNB
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> SAE architecture [3GPP TS 23.401]

GERAN
HSS PCRF
Gb

UTRAN Iu GPRS Core

S6 Rx+
S7
X1 S3 S4

Operator IP
S1 SAE SGi services
eNB PDN
MME UPE (including IMS,
S11 GW SAE GW
S5 PSS, ...)

X1 X2 aGW

Evolved Packet Core S2

eNB
Non-3GPP IP
Access

Evolved RAN
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SAE architechture [3GPP TS 23.401]

TBD

HSS PCRF
S1
S7
eNB S6a

S5
S11 PDN
TBD aGW SAE GW
SAE GW
X2

S8 IASA
SGi
eNB S11

aGW Operator IP
TBD service, including
IMS

eNB

aGW = MME/UPE
Evolved RAN
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Functions of eNB

> Terminates RRC, RLC and MAC protocols and takes care of Radio
Resource Management functions
Controls radio bearers
Controls radio admissions
Controls mobility connections
Allocates radio resources dynamically (scheduling)
Receives measurement reports from UE
> Selects MME at UE attachment
> Schedules and transmits paging messages coming from MME
> Schedules and transmits broadcast information coming from MME &
O&M
> Decides measurement report configuration for mobility and scheduling
> Does IP header compression and encryption of user data streams
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Functions of aGW

> Takes care of Mobility Management Entity (MME) functions

Manages and stores UE context
Generates temporary identities and allocates them to UEs
Checks authorization
Distributes paging messages to eNBs
Takes care of security protocol
Controls idle state mobility
Control SAE bearers
Ciphers & integrity protects NAS signaling
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> Takes care of User Plane Entity (UPE) functions

Terminates for idle state UEs the downlink data path and
triggers/initiates paging when downlink data arrive for the UE.
Manages and stores UE contexts, e.g. parameters of the IP bearer
service or network internal routing information.
Switches user plane for UE mobility
Terminates user plane packets for paging reasons
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Functions

S1
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> LTE Control Plane

UE eNB aGW

NAS NAS

PDCP PDCP

RRC RRC

RLC RLC

MAC MAC

PHY PHY

S1
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> LTE User Plane

UE eNB aGW

IP IP

PDCP PDCP

RLC RLC

MAC MAC

PHY PHY

S1
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GTP-U tunneling
Header compression
& encryption

UE eNB UPE SAE GW S5 PDN Server

X1 S1 S11 SGi
SAE GW
Application Application

TCP/UDP u TCP/UDP
IPv6/v4 ENC IPv6/v4
PDCP PDCP GTP-U GTP-U GTP-U GTP-U GTP-U GTP-U
RLC RLC
MAC UDP UDP UDP UDP UDP UDP L2 L2 L2

MAC IP IP IP IP IP IP

L2 L2 L2 L2 L2 L2 L1 L1 L1
Radio L1 Radio L1 L1 L1 L1 L1 L1
L1
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Non-3GPP access tunneling

UE AP PDN Server
WLAN S2 SAE GW SGi
Application
HA TCP/UDP
IPv4/6 IPv4/6
MIP MIP
UDP UDP IP IPv6/v4

IP L2 L2 L2
IP IP IP IP

L2 L2 L2 L2 L1 L1 L1
L1 L1 L1 L1
 3 May 2007

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Testing challenges with LTE

> How to optimize radio interface?

No radio measurement data available since no Iub-like interface
> Increased complexity of eNB
need for analysis of internal traffic
need for internal debugging
need for analysis of protocol data
> How to test inter-eNB handovers?
> How to test inter-system handovers?
> How to test voice and video broadcast?
> 10x higher throughput How to verify eNB performance?
> How to test application level QoS? How to verify SLA?
> How to handle network management challenges?
 3 May 2007

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LTE standardisation status

> Specification work done by 3GPP TS RAN.

> First 3GPP specs expected 3Q2007
> First trials expected 2008
> Commercial release expected 2009
> NetHawk is member in 3GPP and follows closely the standardisation
work

2007 2008 2009

Commercial
Specification Trials
Release

First 3GPP specs expected 3Q/2007

 3 May 2007

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