The Nature of the

Teaching Profession

Chapter 6
Devices
Channel Setting Instructions for ResponseCard RF
1. Press and release the "GO" button.
2. While the light is flashing red and green, enter the 2 digit
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Channel is 41
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Effective Teachers are

1. Made
2. Born
Beyond knowledge of self
knowledge of why you are
teaching:
A well developed educational philosophy

Unpacking your deeply held assumptions

about: what is education, the nature of the
learner, what subjects are most important, the
role of schools in society
Pedagogical Content
Knowledge
Knowledge of the organization and
presentation of subject matter in a way that
makes it understandable to and applicable by
others
Teachers are able to psychologize the
subject matter for students. (Dewey)
Scaffolding from the known to the unknown
(Vygotsky)
Knowledge about how Students
Learn and Grow
Educational psychology studies how students
develop physically, socially, and cognitively
Our conceptions of ourselves and of others
develop in a unique way as we interact with
our worldwho we think we are, who we
think others are, and what we think is the
purpose of being here
Good Teachers Through
History
Greece:

Socrates
Plato
Aristotle
The Sophists
Good Teachers Through
History
Rome
Quintillian

Europe
Erasmus
Comenius
Montessori
United States: A Diverse
Universe of Examples
Elizabeth Palmer Peabody
Mary McCleod Bethune
Leonard Covello
Louise Hikel Butterfield
Jonathan Kozol
Pikea Miyamoto
Donna Graham Harris
Parker Palmer
Teaching Terminology

Methodology
Discipline
Pedagogy
Knowledge of Curricular
Content
No Child Left Behind Act defines a highly
qualified teacher as: holds at least a
bachelors degree, full state licensure,
subject area competence, has passed
rigorous state tests in the subject(s) s/he is
teaching
The Knowledge Base of
Effective Teachers
Culturally responsive teachers: 1. believe all
students can achieve and succeed, 2. build a
community of learners, 3. build connections
to families and the community, 4.are
continual learners, 5. vary instructional
methods, 6.know their students, 7. are
introspective and reflective
Good teachers have
Pedagogical skill to implement teaching strategies
and pedagogical content knowledge
Reflective skills to analyze and act of teacher-
generated data
Communication and collaboration skills to build
relationships
Management skills to arrange successful learning
environments
Technological skills
The attitudes and Dispositions
of Effective Teachers
Star teachers tend to be nonjudgmental, are
not moralistic, not easily shocked, truly listen,
recognize their own weaknesses, dont see
themselves as saviors, network, see
themselves as winning, enjoy their
interactions with kids, see their primary
impact as raising kids self esteem and
helping them be more humane, derive
satisfaction of lots of needs teaching kids
but not power needs
Teaching as a Profession

Theoretical Framework
Methodology supported by research
Lifelong learners
Social Institutions
Certification and Accreditation
It is most important that a
teacher has high levels of
1. Knowledge that
s/he is teaching the
students
2. Skills in teaching
the subject to the
students
3. Positive
dispositions,
values, attitudes
Effective Teachers Employ
These Tools
Structure and Clarity
Motivation
High Expectations
Questioning
Styles of Teaching on Ends of a
Spectrum
Authoritarian characterized by:

Teacher-Centered
Traditional Structures
Rules-Based
Transmission of Knowledge
Centrality of Teacher Knowledge
Styles of Teaching on Ends of a
Spectrum
Constructivist, characterized by:

Student-Centered
Democratic, egalitarian ideals
Student experience of learning
Teacher as Learner who Models
Styles of Teaching and
Management

ConstructivismAlfie Kohn
We punish and reward too much. Student
learning should be motivation in its own right.

BehaviorismAssertive Discipline.Lee and

Marlene Canter. Use of rewards and
punishments.
My most effective teachers
were.
1. Authoritarian
2. Constructivist
3. Somewhere in the
middle
Academic Learning Time

This concept is dynamically intertwined with

styles of teaching. It has to do with
curriculum (more on that later), but also how
a teacher thinks about using time available.

Allocated Time
Engaged Time
Academic Learning Time
Classroom Management

A direct function of teaching style

Group alerting
withitness
Overlapping
Least intervention
fragmentation
The Pedagogical Cycle

What is the set of actions, responses,

communications that define activity in the
classroom?

1. Structure
2. Question
3. Response
4. React
Academic Structure as a
Goal:
Objectives
Review
Motivation
Transition
Clarification
Scaffolding
Examples
Directions
Enthusiasm
Closure
Questions and Effective
Teaching
Learning to Question well is part art, and part
skill:

Lower order questions factual, naming, etc.

Higher-order questions evaluate, analyze,
compare, solve a problem.
Blooms Taxonomy:

Knowledge
Comprehension
Application
Analysis
Synthesis
Evaluation
NBTS Description of Effective
Teachers
Committed to students and their learning
Know their subject matter and subject matter
pedagogy
Responsible for managing and monitoring
student learning
Teachers think systematically about their
practice and learn from experience
Teachers are members of learning
communities
Stages of Teacher
Development
1. Survival
2. Consolidation
3. Renewal
4. Maturity
Knowledge about the
Community
Connecting students to the outside world
requires that teachers know their students
community
Eating in the community, living in the
community, reading local community papers,
talking with community members, going to
meetings of the community
At present, my most developed
teaching tools are:
1. Content knowledge
2. Pedagogical skills
3. Reflective skills
4. Communication
skills
5. Management skills
6. Positive attitude
and dispositions
Reflective teachers

Open-minded
Wholehearted
Responsible
An ethic of caring relationships
Learning communities
Its most important for me to
build
1. Pedagogical skill
2. An ethic of caring
3. An educational
philosophy
4. Reflective practice
5. Pedagogical
content knowledge