Occupational Health and Safety

Housekeeping
Compiled by Engr. Myrna A. Cabrera
Polytechnic University of the
Philippines
 Glossary
Clearing House of Occupational Safety and Health Information refers
to the central office for collection and dissemination of OSH information.
Ergonomic Hazards - include improperly designed tools or work areas,
improper lifting or reaching, poor visual conditions, or repeated motions
in an awkward positions which can result in accidents or illnesses in the
workplace; (Fundamentals of Industrial Hygiene 1988).
Hazardous equipment refers to plant equipment which by their very
nature have the potential of causing severe or fatal injury to the worker
or operator i.e. boiler and pressure vessels, crane and other lifting
equipment, press machines, woodworking machines and other similar
equipment.
Hazardous work processes refer to work operations or practices
performed by a worker in the establishment or workplace in conjunction
with or as an incident to such operations or practices and which expose
the employees to hazards likely to cause any disabling injury, illness,
death or physical or psychological harm; (MC.2, S.1998).
 Glossary
Hazardous materials or substances refers to substances which upon exposure
results or may result in adverse effects on health and safety of humans in an
occupational setting. It may refer to substances in solid, liquid or gaseous form
known to constitute toxic, flammable, explosive, corrosive, oxidizing and
radioactive properties;
Health Hazard Evaluation means the investigation and determination of
potentially toxic or hazardous effects of any substance normally used or found in
any place of employment to which the OSH Standards is applicable or any
substance and physical agent normally used or found in any place of employment
to which the OSHS is applicable. It will also include investigation of toxic
substances and physical hazards not yet included in the OSHS.
Imminent Danger - refers to a condition or practice in any workplace that could
reasonably be expected to cause death or serious physical harm before abatement
until the enforcement procedures can be accomplished;
Occupational Hazards - refers to various environmental factors or stresses that can
cause sickness, impaired health, or significant discomfort in workers and can be
classified as chemical, physical, biological or ergonomic.

Occupational Health Surveillance the continuous, systematic use of routinely

collected health data to guide OSH decisions and actions.
 Glossary
OSH Trainings - are interventions conducted to facilitate learning on
occupational safety and health, the results of which can contribute to the
attainment of better and improved OSH conditions.
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) refers to devices worn by workers
to protect them against hazards in the work environment including but not
limited to safety helmet, safety spectacles, face shields, ear plugs/muffs,
respirators, chemical gloves, safety belt/harness, working clothes, safety
shoes.
Primary Prevention Program on OSH - is the promotion of health by
personal, workplace and community-wide efforts. This includes the
preventive strategies such as advocacy, information dissemination,
capability building through training, research and interventions on
workplace improvements;
Safety device refers to mechanical, electrical, hydraulic or other device
which prevent or restricts the dangerous or harmful influence on a person
that can be caused by the machinery, the processed materials and their
surroundings
Secondary Prevention program on OSH - are the measures available to
individuals and populations for the early detection and prompt and
effective intervention to correct illnesses and accidents
 Glossary
Tertiary Prevention Program on OSH - consists of the measures available
to reduce impairments and disabilities, minimize suffering caused by
existing departures from good health, and to promote the patient's
adjustment to irremediable conditions. This extends the concept of
prevention into the field of rehabilitation;
Technical Services refer to occupational safety and health services
extended to workplaces such as but not limited to health examinations,
safety audits, work environment measurement, testing of personal
protective equipment, environment assessments as these relate to work
conditions and procedures.
Threshold Limit Value refers to the Philippine Occupational Safety and
Health Standards set for airborne concentrations of substances and
represents conditions under which workers may be repeatedly exposed for
an 8-hours workday at a total of 48 hours per week, without adverse
health effects; (OSHS).
Work Environment Measurement shall mean sampling and analysis
carried out in respect of the atmospheric working environment and other
fundamental elements of working environment for the purpose of
determining actual conditions therein; (OSHS).
 What is 5S?
5S is a basic, fundamental, systematic approach for
productivity, quality and safety improvement in all types of
business.
A 5S (Five S) program is usually a part of, and the key
component of establishing a visual workplace and are both
a part of Kaizen
Kaizen- Kaizen is a system of continuous improvement in quality,
technology, processes, company culture, productivity, safety and
leadership.

Visual Workplace - It refers to a workplace that uses a system of visual cues

and visual communication tools that impart information visually at the
time and place it is needed. The benefits of having a visual workplace is
that it will improve productivity, safety, quality, on-time delivery, profits and
employee morale by implementing "visual controls.
Objectives of 5s:
having visual order
organization
cleanliness
Standardization
Expected Results:
improved profitability
efficiency
service
safety
 What is 5S?
5S was developed in Japan and stands for the
Japanese words
seiri (tidiness)
seiton (orderliness)
seiso (cleanliness)
seiketsu (standardization)
shitsuke (discipline)
These words have been adopted to English to
maintain "5S."
What is 5S?
What types of businesses benefit from a
5S program?

All types of business benefit from having 5s like

chemical plants, petrochemical (oil) and refineries,
boiler controls and power plants, nuclear power
plants, environmental control plants, water
management , metallurgical process plants,
pharmaceutical manufacturing , sugar refining plants,
dry cargo and bulk oil carrier ships, hospitals, service
providers, television and radio stations etc
 What is instrumentation and
control ?

Instrumentation is defined as the art and

science of measurement and control of
process variables within a production or
manufacturing area. The process variables
used in industries are Level, Pressure,
Temperature, Humidity, Flow, pH, Force,
Speed etc. (wikipedia)
 What is instrumentation and
control ?
It is the art and science of measurement and
control". It involves using and/or working with
instruments used to measure, record, and
control process variables such as level, flow,
temperature, and pressure. (The International
Society of Automation (ISA)
 Where can you see it?
A. Chemical Industry
B. Petro-Chemical
C. Power Generation
D. Food and Beverage
E. Pulp and Paper
F. Water Treatment
G. Sewage and Waste Water
H. Transportation
I. Communication
J. Semiconductor
K. Mining , Metallurgy, Steel and Smelters
L. Pharmaceutical / Medical
 Chemical Industry Petro-Cheml Industry

Power Generation Industry Food and Beverage Industry

Pulp and Paper Water Treatment

Mining Pharmaceutical
Why do you need instrumentation
& Control?

Control systems are becoming increasingly

used in automating industrial processes to
improve productivity, conserve entry, and
reduce pollution.
 Glossary
DCS Distributed Control System - is a control system
for a process or plant, wherein control elements are
distributed throughout the system. This is in contrast to non-
distributed systems, which use a single controller at a central
location. In a DCS, a hierarchy of controllers is connected by
communications networks for command and
monitoring.(wikipedia)
 PLC Programmable logic Controller - are
microprocessor-based devices used to control
industrial processes or machines. They provide
advanced functions, including analog monitoring,
control and high speed motion control as well as
share data over communication networks. (Eaton
powering business)
 HMI Human Machine Interface - The user
interface in a manufacturing or process control
system. It provides a graphics-based visualization of
an industrial control and monitoring system. (PC
MAG)

ESD
SCADA -
 SCADA- (supervisory control and data
acquisition) is a system operating with coded
signals over communication channels so as to
provide control of remote equipment (using
typically one communication channel per
remote station).
 Four Areas in Instrumentation
Engineering
1.Design Engineering
Preliminary Engineering or Basic Engineering deals with the
development of control concepts which includes process and
instrumentation diagram (P & ID)
Detailed Engineering Preparation of various design drawings and
documnts such as loop diagrams, control diagrams, logic diagrams,
installation /hook-up diagrams, termination drawings, spec/data sheets,
insrument summary sheet , etc.
Final Engineering includes project cost estimate for instruments and
miscellaneous materials, manpower requirement , timetable , etc. It also
includes packaging all the engineering documents ,drawings, etc . For
bidding and the technical bid analysis for selecting the contractor and
awarding the project.
2. Project Engineering
Prelim Check-out - The QA/QC inspector checks each instrument if it
conforms to the required specs stated in the data sheet then the
instrument technician makes a functional and calibration check at the
workshop.

Installation The installation group then proceeds to install the

instruments according to the specific installation drawings. The QA/QC
inspector checks the correctness of the installation .

Loop Check consists of injecting simulated signals from the process

sensors and verifying if at the controllers, recorders and alarm units.
3. Start-up and Commissioning
This is the job of the commissioning engineer or start-up
engineer whose qualification require varied and heavy
experience in the various aspects of instrumentation such as
maintenance , design and projects in addition to start-up
familiarization in the particular type of plant.
4. Maintenance
Planning
Scheduling
Documentation
Spares
Calibration
Repair