1 A. A.

Datti
Introduction
Applications of Computer Graphics
Graphics System
Hardware
Software

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Computer graphics is the creation and manipulation of
geometric objects (models) and images using computer.

Computer graphics is concerned with all aspects of producing

pictures or images using a computer.

Computer graphics is involved in any work that uses

computation to create or modify images, whether those images
are still or moving; interactive or fixed; on film, video, screen, or
print.

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* The applications of computer graphics are many and varied;
we can, however, divide them into four major areas:
1.
Display of information (Maps, graphs and medical images)

2. Design (Engineering etc)

3. Simulation and animation (Training, Magazines and Movies,

Virtual Reality and Scientific Simulations)

4. User interfaces (Operating systems and applications)

Many applications may span two or more of these areas.

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Scientific Visualization Geographic Info. Systems

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Scientific Visualization Geographic Info. Systems

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Statistics Charts and Graphs

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Statistics Charts and Graphs

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Scientific Visualization Charts and Graphs

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Scientific Visualization Charts and Graphs

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Scientific Visualization Charts and Graphs

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Scientific Visualization - Medical

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Scientific Visualization - Medical

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Info graphic Posters

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CAD/CAM Mechanical Engineering

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CAD/CAM - Architecture

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CAD/CAM - Fashion

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Scientific
Simulations

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Entertainment - Art

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Training Simulations

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Entertainment - Animations

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Entertainment - Movies

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Entertainment - Movies

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Graphical User Interfaces

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Graphical User Interfaces

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Graphical User Interfaces

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Introduction
Applications of Computer Graphics
Graphics System
Hardware
Software

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 There are six major hardware elements in a
computer graphics system:

Input devices
Central Processing Unit
Graphics Processing Unit
Memory
Frame buffer
Output devices
Input devices Output devices
 There are ways images are represented on digital output
devices Raster and Vector.
Virtually
all modern graphics systems are raster based. The
image we see on the output device is an arraythe rasterof
picture elements, or pixels, produced by the graphics
system.
Vector Systems on the other hand represent an image as
collection of lines.
* Each pixel corresponds to a location, or small area, in the image.

* Collectively, the pixels are sored in a part of memory called the frame
buffer.

* The frame buffer can be viewed as the core element of a graphics

system.

* Its resolution - the number of pixels in the frame buffer - determines the
detail that you can see in the image. E.g. 1024 * 768

* The depth, or precision, of the frame buffer, defined as the number of

bits that are used for each pixel, determines properties such as how many
colors can be represented on a given system.
*For example, a 1-bit-deep frame buffer allows only two
colors, whereas an 8-bit-deep frame buffer allows 28 (256)
colors.

*In full-color systems, there are 24 (or more) bits per pixel.
Such systems can display sufficient colors to represent most
images realistically. They are also called true-color
systems, or RGB-color systems, because individual groups of
bits in each pixel are assigned to each of the three primary
colorsred, green, and blueused in most displays.

*High dynamic range (HDR) systems use 12 or more bits for

each color component.
* In a simple system, there may be only one processor, the central
processing unit (CPU) of the system, which must do both the
normal processing and the graphical processing.
* The main graphical function of the processor is to take
specifications of graphical primitives (such as lines, circles, and
polygons) generated by application programs and to assign values
to the pixels in the frame buffer that best represent these
entities.
* For example, a triangle is specified by its three vertices, the
graphics system must generate a set of pixels that appear as line
segments to the viewer. The conversion of geometric entities to
pixel colors and locations in the frame buffer is known as
rasterization, or scan conversion.

* Graphics Processing Units (on modern systems) on the other hand

are dedicated processing units specialized in graphic functions.