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DASAR PENGELOLAAN
PENDERITA GAWAT DARURAT
2
The Golden Hour
is the time in which resuscitation of severely
injured patients must begin to achieve maximal
survive
R. Adams Cowley, MD
3
THE GOLDEN HOUR
Probability of Survival R. Adams Cowley, MD
100
80
% survival
60
40
20
0 minutes
30 60 90
Survival is related to severity and duration
4
The Trimodal Distribution of
Traumatic Disease
. Anesthesiology Clin 1987;25:1-18
Percent of trauma deaths
50
40
30
20
10
0 //
0 1 2 3 4.hrs 1-2 5-6 weeks
Time after injury
IMMEDIATE : CNS injury or Heart and great vessel injury
EARLY : Major hemorrhage
LATE : Infection and Multi Organ failure
5
PENDERITA GAWAT DARURAT
HIPOKSEMIA
HIPERKARBIA
HENTI JANTUNG
HENTI NAFAS
SINDROMA IWR
6
Pertolongan Gangguan Mati dalam
7
Ukur tek darah
Pasang infus
Konsultasi ke
Dokter Bedah
Beri Oksigen
Periksa Hb
Siap transfusi
9
PENANGANAN PASIEN TIDAK GAWAT
Anamnesa
Pemeriksaan fisik
Inspeksi
Palpasi
Perkusi
Auskultasi
Pemeriksaan penunjang
Diagnosa
Terapi
Supportif
Simtomatis
Definitif / kausal
10
PENANGANAN PASIEN GAWAT DARURAT
Stabilisasi
Pemeriksaan penunjang
Diagnosa
Terapi defenitif 11
Primary survey and resuscitation
of vital functions are done
simultaneously a team approach
12
KONSEP ATLS
Primary Survey
A : Airway with C-spine control
B : Breathing with ventilation
C : Circulation with hemorrhage control
D : Disability : neurologic status
E : Exposure/environment with temperature control
Resuscitation
Secondary Survey
Head to toe evaluation and history
Reevaluation
Definitive care
13
LIFE SUPPORT
A : Airway Support
B : Breathing Support
C : Circulation Support
14
First responder
Life saver
Resusitasi stabilisasi
Airway
Breathing
Circulation
Disability/Brain
15
Dr. Bedah
Dr. Obgyn
Perdarahan
Perdarahan post partum
trauma
SHOCK Resusitasi
KARENA 1 Stabilisasi Dr.
PERDARAHAN Umum
Definitif terapi
2
Awal
3 Dr.
Definitif terapi
Spesislias
akhir
22
23
24
TRIAGE & LABEL
Boleh Ditangguhkan :
Kuning Keadaan tidak mengancam Jiwa
Segera ditangani bila yang
mengancam Jiwa sudah teratasi
KLINIK
RUMAH SAKIT
TERDEKAT
B
Breathing Pernafasan
Circulation Sirkulasi
C
Disability Kesadaran
Exposure Pemaparan
D
E 28
Airway
menilai jalan nafas
Bisa bicara ?
Look, listen, and feel
Gerak dada
Gerak otot nafas tambahan
Warna kulit, mukosa, kuku
29
Airway
waspada
30
Pasien tidak sadar
32
33
Breathing
menilai pernafasan
34
Breathing
waspada
ada jejas didada
Tension pneumothorax
Open pneumothorax
Fracture costa, Flail chest
Hematothorax
Kontusio paru
35
Breathing
membantu pernafasan
36
Circulation
menilai sirkulasi
Cardiac output
Volume darah
Perdarahan (external,internal)
37
Circulation
waspada dan cari lokasi perdarahan
39
Estimasi tekanan darah
40
Disability
menilai kesadaran
Periksa pupil (besar, simetri, refleks cahaya)
Periksa kesadaran
A = Awake (sadar penuh)
V = respond to Verbal command (ada reaksi
terhadap perintah)
P = respond to Pain (reaksi thdp nyeri)
U = Unresponsive (tidak ada reaksi)
41
Exposure
pemaparan
42
X foto
(kalau ada)
Tulang leher
Dada
Panggul
43
Survei Sekunder
Pasien stabil
Rujukan
Definitive care
45
Ingat !!!!