Lte Air Interface

LTE Air Interface
www.huawei.com
Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Contents
1. The Air interface
2. LTE Radio Interface General Principles
3. Dynamic Resource Allocation
4. Intra LTE Mobility
Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page2
Contents
Contents
1. The Air Interface
1.1 Evolution of Cellular Networks
1.2 3GPP Releases
1.3 Radio Interface Techniques
1.4 Transmission Modes
1.5 Spectrum Usage
1.6 Channel Coding in LTE
1.7 Principles of OFDM
Contents
1.2 3GPP Releases
1.5 Spectrum Usage
Evolution of Cellular Networks
1G (First 2G (Second 3G (Third 4G (Fourth

Generation) Generation) Generation) Generation)
First Generation Mobile Systems
AMPS (Advanced Mobile Telephone System)
TACS (Total Access Communications System)
ETACS (Extended Total Access Communications System)
Second Generation Mobile
Systems
2G (Second
Generation)
GSM Other
cdmaOne D-AM PS
(IS-95) (IS-136)
2.5G and 2.75G GSM/GPRS
Systems
System Service Theoretical Data Typical Data Rate

Rate
2G GSM Circuit Switched 9.6kbit/s or 9.6kbit/s or

Data Service 14.4kbit/s 14.4kbit/s
2.5G GPRS Packet Switched 171.2kbit/s 4kbit/s to 50kbit/s
Data
2.75G EDGE Packet Switched 473.6kbit/s 120kbit/s
Data
Third Generation Mobile Systems
3G (Third
Generation)
UM TS
WiM AX
WCDM A
UM TS
CDM A2000
TD-CDM A
TD-SCDM A
Fourth Generation Mobile Systems
Key IMT Advanced Features
A high degree of commonality of functionality worldwide while retaining the flexibility to
support a wide range of services and applications in a cost efficient manner.
Compatibility of services within IMT and with fixed networks.
Capability of interworking with other radio access systems.
High quality mobile services.
User equipment suitable for worldwide use.
User-friendly applications, services and equipment.
Worldwide roaming capability.
Enhanced peak data rates to support advanced services and applications (100Mbit/s for high
and 1Gbit/s for low mobility were identified as targets).
Fourth Generation Mobile Systems
4G (Fourth
Generation)
LTE UM B
Advanced (EV-DO Rev C)
WiM AX
802.16m
Contents
1.2 3GPP Releases
1.5 Spectrum Usage
3GPP Releases
Phase 2+
Release 99 Release 6 Release 8
(Release 97)
GPRS UMTS HSUPA LTE
171.2kbit/s 2Mbit/s 5.76Mbit/s +300Mbit/s
Release 9/10
LTE Advanced
HSPA+
GSM EDGE HSDPA
28.8Mbit/s
9.6kbit/s 473.6kbit/s 14.4Mbit/s
42Mbit/s
Phase 1 Release 99 Release 5 Release 7/8
Release 5 - HSDPA
HSDPA
Adaptive Modulation UTRAN
Flexible Coding
Fast Scheduling (2ms)
HARQ
Iub
Node B RNC
UE
Release 6 - HSUPA
HSUPA
UTRAN
Flexible Coding
Fast Power Scheduling
HARQ
Iub
Node B RNC
UE
Release 7 - HSPA+
HSPA+
64 QAM (DL) UTRAN
16 QAM (UL)
MIMO Operation (DL)
Power Enhancements (DL)
Less Overhead (DL)
Iub
Node B RNC
UE
Release 8 - HSPA+ and LTE
HSPA+ UTRAN
64 QAM + MIMO (DL)
Dual Cell Operation
Less Overhead (UL)
Iub
Node B RNC
LTE
UE
Enhanced Techniques
Flexible Bandwidth E-UTRAN
Flexible Spectrum Options
High Data Rates
Very Fast Scheduling
Improved Latency
eNB
Release 9 and Beyond
LTE LTE LTE Advanced

Release 8 Release 9 Release 10
Contents
1.2 3GPP Releases
1.5 Spectrum Usage
Radio Interface Techniques
Radio Interface
Techniques
FDM A OFDM A
TDM A CDM A
Frequency Division Multiple
Access
Power Time
FDM A
Each user allocated a
different subband/
channel.
Frequency
Time Division Multiple Access
Time
Power
TDM A
different time on the
channel.
Frequency
Code Division Multiple Access
Time
Power
CDM A
different code on the
channel.
Frequency
Orthogonal Frequency Division
Multiple Access
Time
Power
OFDM A
different resource
which can vary in
time and frequency.
Frequency
Contents
1.2 3GPP Releases
1.5 Spectrum Usage
Transmission Modes
Frequency Division Duplex
Channel Channel
Bandwidth Bandwidth
Frequency
Uplink Downlink
Duplex Spacing
Transmission Modes
Time Division Duplex
Downlink
and Uplink
Asymmetric Frequency
TDD
Allocation
Downlink Uplink Downlink Uplink

Time
TDD Frame TDD Frame
Contents
1.2 3GPP Releases
1.5 Spectrum Usage
GSM Bands
Operating Band Frequency Uplink Frequency Downlink
Band (MHz) Frequency (MHz)
GSM 400 450 450.4 - 457.6 460.4 - 467.6

GSM 400 480 478.8 - 486.0 488.8 - 496.0
GSM 850 850 824.0 - 849.0 869.0 - 894.0
GSM 900 (P-GSM) 900 890.0 - 915.0 935.0 - 960.0
GSM 900 (E-GSM) 900 880.0 - 915.0 925.0 - 960.0
GSM-R (R-GSM) 900 876.0 - 880.0 921.0 - 925.0
DCS 1800 1800 1710.0 - 1785.0 1805.0 - 1880.0
PCS 1900 1900 1850.0 - 1910.0 1930.0 - 1990.0
UMTS Bands
Operating Band Frequency Uplink Frequency Downlink
Band (MHz) Frequency (MHz)
I 2100 1920 - 1980 2110 - 2170

II 1900 1850 - 1910 1930 - 1990
III 1800 1710 - 1785 1805 - 1880
IV 1700 1710 - 1755 2110 - 2155
V 850 824 - 849 869 - 894
VI 800 830 - 840 875 - 885
VII 2600 2500 - 2570 2620 - 2690
VIII 900 880 - 915 925 - 960
IX 1700 1749.9 - 1784.9 1844.9 - 1879.9
X 1700 1710 - 1770 2110 - 2170
XI 1500 1427.9 - 1452.9 1475.9 - 1500.9
XII 700 698 - 716 728 - 746
XIII 700 777 - 787 746 - 756
XIV 700 788 - 798 758 - 768
UMTS TDD Frequency Bands
Frequency Band
1900 - 1920
2010 - 2025
1850 - 1910
1930 - 1990
1910 - 1930
2570 - 2620
Existing GSM Deployments
United States,
Europe, Middle Canada, and This has
East, Africa, many other limited
and most of countries in the support.
Asia/Pacific. Americas.
GSM 900 GSM 850 GSM 400

GSM 1800 GSM 1900
Key UMTS Deployment Bands
Band II
(WCDM A
1900)
Band I Band IV
(WCDM A (WCDM A
2100) 1700)
M ain UM TS
Deployments
Band V Band VIII

(WCDM A (WCDM A
850) 900)
LTE Release 8 Bands
Band Duplex FDL_low FDL_high NOffs-DL NDL FUL_low FUL_high NOffs-UL NUL
(MHz) (MHz) (MHz) (MHz)
1 FDD 2110 2170 0 0-599 1920 1980 18000 18000-18599
2 FDD 1930 1990 600 600-1199 1850 1910 18600 18600-19199
3 FDD 1805 1880 1200 1200-1949 1710 1785 19200 19200-19949
4 FDD 2110 2155 1950 1950-2399 1710 1755 19950 19950-20399
5 FDD 869 894 2400 2400-2649 824 849 20400 20400-20649
6 FDD 875 885 2650 2650-2749 830 840 20650 20650-20749
7 FDD 2620 2690 2750 2750-3449 2500 2570 20750 20750-21449
8 FDD 925 960 3450 3450-3799 880 915 21450 21450-21799
9 FDD 1844.9 1879.9 3800 3800-4149 1749.9 1784.9 21800 21800-22149
10 FDD 2110 2170 4150 4150-4749 1710 1770 22150 22150-22749
11 FDD 1475.9 1500.9 4750 4750-4999 1427.9 1452.9 22750 22750-22999
12 FDD 728 746 5000 5000-5179 698 716 23000 23000-23179
13 FDD 746 756 5180 5180-5279 777 787 23180 23180-23279
14 FDD 758 768 5280 5280-5379 788 798 23280 23280-23379
17 FDD 734 746 5730 5730-5849 704 716 23730 23730-23849
33 TDD 1900 1920 36000 36000-36199 1900 1920 36000 36000-36199

34 TDD 2010 2025 36200 36200-36349 2010 2025 36200 36200-36349
35 TDD 1850 1910 36350 36350-36949 1850 1910 36350 36350-36949
36 TDD 1930 1990 36950 36950-37549 1930 1990 36950 36950-37549
37 TDD 1910 1930 37550 37550-37749 1910 1930 37550 37550-37749
38 TDD 2570 2620 37750 37750-38249 2570 2620 37750 37750-38249
39 TDD 1880 1920 38250 38250-38649 1880 1920 38250 38250-38649
40 TDD 2300 2400 38650 38650-39649 2300 2400 38650 38650-39649
Carrier Frequency EARFCN
Calculation
FDL = FDL_low + 0.1(NDL - NOffs-DL)
eNB
FUL = FUL_low + 0.1(NUL - NOffs-UL)

UE
Example
100kHz Raster
Uplink Downlink
Frequency
1937.4MHz 2127.4MHz
FDL = FDL_low + 0.1(NDL - NOffs-DL)
(FDL - FDL_low )
NDL = + NOffs-DL
0.1
(2127.4 - 2110)
NDL = + 0 = 174
0.1
Contents
1.2 3GPP Releases
1.5 Spectrum Usage
LTE Transport Channel Processing
Transport Block MAC Layer
PHY Layer
Transport Block CRC Attachment
Code Block CRC Attachment and

Segmentation
Channel Coding
Rate Matching
Code Block Concatenation
Additional Layer 1 Processes
Transport Block CRC
Calculate Calculate
Transport Block CRC
CRC CRC
Compare
Transport Block CRC Transport Block CRC

Transmitter Receiver
Possible radio
interface errors
CRC Parity Bits
A = Input Sequence L = Parity Length
a0 a1 a2 a3 aA-1 p0 p1 pL-1
Transport Block CRC Parity Bits
Code Block Segmentation and
CRC Attachment
Transport Block CRC
Transport Block CRC
CRC
Code Block #1 Code Block #2 Code Block #3
Filler Bits Code Block CRC
Example
8000bits
24bit Code 24bit Code

Block CRC Block CRC
3800bits 4200bits
3840bits 4224bits
16 Filler Bits
Channel Coding
Transport Channel Coding Options
Transport Channel Coding Method Rate

DL-SCH
UL-SCH
Turbo Coding 1/3
PCH
MCH
BCH Tail Biting Convolutional Coding 1/3
Channel Coding
Control Information Coding Options
Control Information Coding Method Rate

DCI Tail Biting Convolutional Coding 1/3
CFI Block Code 1/16
HI Repetition Code 1/3
UCI Block Code Variable
Tail Biting Convolutional Coding 1/3
Repetition Coding
ACK NACK
1 0
Repetition
Coding
1 1 1 0 0 0
Orthogonal sequences Orthogonal sequences
Block Coding
CFI CFI Codeword < b0, b1, , b31 >

1 <0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1>
2 <1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0>
3 <1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1>
4 (Reserved) <0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0>
Convolutional Encoding
Rate Convolutional Encoder
Shift
Registers
DCBA
Input S1 S2
0110
XOR Gate
G0 G1
Output
Convolutional Coding Example
Input S1 S2 G0 G1
0 0 0 0 0
1 0 0 1 1
1 1 0 0 1
0 1 1 0 1
Convolutional Coding Trellis
Output
Current
Next State
State
00
Input 0 00 00
Input 1 11 11
10 10
00
10
01 01
01 01
11 11
10
Viterbi Decoding
Input
0 1 1 0
Sequence Indicate possible
Transmitted number of bits in
00 11 01 01
/Received error.
0 2 1 1
00 00 00 00 00
2 0 1 1
10 10 10 1 10 1 10
1 1
1
2 2
01 01 1 01 01 01
0 0 0 0
11 11 11 2 11 2 11
Input 0 Input 1
Coding Comparison Chart
Standard Convolutional Coding Tail Biting Convolutional Coding
Initializes the shift register with zeros. Initializes the shift register with the last bits
of the stream, i.e. zeros are not added for
initialization.
Padded with zeros. The shift register finishes, such that the last
bits of input are the same as what was used
to initialize the shift registers.
Initializing Tail Biting Convolutional
Encoding
Last 6bits used to

initialize coder.
Tail Biting
Input Bits
Convolutional Coding
LTE 1/3 Rate Tail Biting
Convolutional Coding
ck
S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6
dk(0) G0
dk(1) G1
dk(2) G2
LTE Turbo Coding
Systematic
Bits
xk
The dotted lines
are part of the 1st Constituent Encoder
zk
trellis termination.
Parity
ck D D D Bits
Turbo Code
Internal 2nd Constituent Encoder
Interleaver x k
Parity
c k Bits
D D D
z k
Rate Matching
Sub-block vk(0)
dk(0)
Interleaver Virtual
Circular
Buffer
Sub-block vk(1) Bit wk Bit Selection ek
dk(1)
Interleaver Collection and Pruning
Sub-block vk(2)
dk(2)
Interleaver
LTE Sub-block Interleaver
Number of Columns Inter-column Permutation Pattern

32 < 0, 16, 8, 24, 4, 20, 12, 28, 2, 18, 10, 26, 6,
22, 14, 30, 1, 17, 9, 25, 5, 21, 13, 29, 3, 19,
11, 27, 7, 23, 15, 31 >
Code Block CRC Attachment and Segmentation
3800bits 4200bits
3840bits 4224bits
Channel Coding Channel Coding
Rate Matching Rate Matching

ek ek
fk
Contents
1.2 3GPP Releases
1.5 Spectrum Usage
Principles of OFDM
OFDM
(OFDMA)
eNB
OFDM
UE (SC-FDMA)
Frequency Division Multiplexing
Guard Band Subcarrier
Frequency
Channel
Bandwidth
OFDM Subcarriers
Orthogonal Centre Subcarrier

Subcarriers Not Orthogonal
Frequency
Channel
Bandwidth
Inverse Fast Fourier Transform
Subcarrier
Modulation Inverse Fast
Fourier
Transform
Serial
Coded
to IFFT RF
Bits
Parallel
Complex
Waveform
Fast Fourier Transform
Subcarrier
Demodulation
Fast Fourier
Transform
Parallel
Coded
Receiver FFT to
Bits
Serial
LTE Channel and FFT Sizes
Channel FFT Size Subcarrier Sampling Rate
Bandwidth Bandwidth
1.4MHz 128 1.92MHz
3MHz 256 3.84MHz
5MHz 512 7.68MHz

15kHz
10MHz 1024 15.36MHz
15MHz 1536 23.04MHz
20MHz 2048 30.72MHz
OFDM Symbol Mapping
Time
Modulated
OFDM
Symbol
Amplitude
Cyclic
Prefix
Frequency
OFDM
Symbol
OFDM
Peak to Average Power Ratio
PAPR (Peak to Average
Power Ratio) Issue
OFDM Peak
Amplitude Symbol
Average
Time
Time Domain Interference
Energy
Delay Spread
Time
Inter Symbol Interference
1st Received
Signal Delayed
Signal
Interference
Caused
Cyclic Prefix
Frequency
CP CP CP CP
CP CP CP CP
CP CP CP CP
Symbol Period T(s) Time
Cyclic Prefix
Bit Period T(b)
T(g)
Symbol Period T(s)
Questions
Which release of the 3GPP specifications includes the initial
release of LTE?
a. Release 6.
b. Release 7.
c. Release 8.
a. Release 9.
Questions
What is the general name given to Frequency band IV in
North America?
Questions
What is the maximum size that a Turbo coder can handle in
LTE?
a. 1024bits.
b. 2048bits.
c. 5512bits.
d. 6144bits.
Questions
Name the four main types of channel coding (FEC methods)
used in LTE.
Contents
Contents
2.1 The Uu Interface
2.2 LTE Radio Interface Protocols
2.3 LTE Channel Structure
2.4 LTE Frame Structure
2.5 OFDM Signal Generation
2.6 Downlink OFDMA
2.7 LTE Physical Signals
Contents
2.8 Downlink Reference Signals
2.9 Downlink LTE Physical Channels
2.10 Downlink Control Signaling
2.11 LTE Cell Search Procedure
2.12 Uplink Transmission Technique
2.13 OFDMA Verses SC-FDMA
2.14 Uplink LTE Physical Channels
2.15 Timing Relationships
Contents
2.16 Uplink Reference Signals
2.17 Uplink Control Signaling
2.18 LTE Random Access Procedure
2.19 Uplink Power Control
2.20 Paging Procedures
2.21 HARQ Operation
2.22 Diversity Options
Contents
2.6 Downlink OFDMA
Uu Interface
E-UTRA
Uu
1.4MHz, 3MHz, eNB

5MHz, 10MHz,
UE 15MHz, 20MHz
Contents
2.6 Downlink OFDMA
LTE Control Plane and User Plane
NAS Control
E-UTRAN EPC
Plane
S1-MME
MME
RRC
Control S11
Plane eNB
UE
S1-U
User S5/S8
Plane S-GW PDN-GW
E-UTRA Protocols
Control Plane
NAS Signaling User Plane
RRC NAS User - IP
PDCP PDCP
RLC RLC
MAC MAC
PHY PHY
UE
eNB
NAS Signaling
EMM (EPS Mobility

Management)
MME
ESM (EPS Session
Management)
UE eNB
NAS EMM and ESM Procedures
EMM Procedures ESM Procedures
Attach Default EPS Bearer Context Activation
Detach Dedicated EPS Bearer Context Activation
Tracking Area Update EPS Bearer Context Modification
Service Request EPS Bearer Context Deactivation
Extended Service Request UE Requested PDN Connectivity
GUTI Reallocation UE Requested PDN Disconnect
Authentication UE Requested Bearer Resource Allocation
Identification UE Requested Bearer Resource Modification
Security Mode Control ESM Information Request
EMM Status ESM Status
EMM Information
NAS Transport
Paging
Radio Resource Control
System Information
PLMN and Cell Selection
Admission Control
Security Management
Cell Reselection NAS Signaling
Measurement Reports
Handovers and Mobility RRC
NAS Transport PDCP
Radio Resource Management
RLC
MAC
PHY
eNB
Packet Data Convergence Protocol
Control Plane
Encryption NAS Signaling
Integrity Checking
RRC
User Plane
PDCP
IP Header Compression
Encryption RLC
Sequencing and Duplicate Detection
MAC
PHY
eNB
Radio Link Control
NAS Signaling
TM (Transparent Mode) RRC
UM (Unacknowledged Mode)
AM (Acknowledged Mode) PDCP
Segmentation and Re-assembly
Concatenation RLC
Error Correction MAC
PHY
eNB
Medium Access Control
NAS Signaling
RRC
Channel Mapping and Multiplexing PDCP

Error Correction - HARQ
QoS Based Scheduling
RLC
MAC
PHY
eNB
Physical Layer
Error Detection
FEC Encoding/Decoding NAS Signaling
Rate Matching
Mapping of Physical Channels RRC
Power Weighting PDCP
Modulation and Demodulation
Frequency and Time Synchronization RLC
Radio Measurements
MIMO Processing MAC
Transmit Diversity PHY
Beamforming eNB
RF Processing
Contents
2.6 Downlink OFDMA
LTE Channels
Logical Transport Physical Radio

Channels Channels Channels Channels
Logical Channels
Logical
Channels RLC
Transport
MAC Channels
PHY
Physical
Channels Radio
Channel
Control Logical Channels
System Information
Messages
BCCH
PCCH
UE Paging eNB
Devices
CCCH and DCCH Signaling
SRB 0 CCCH
SRB 0 CCCH
SRB 1 DCCH
UE eNB
SRB 2 DCCH
Low Priority
NAS Signaling
Traffic Logical Channels
DRB DTCH
Carries AM or UM
UE RLC Traffic eNB
LTE Release 8 Transport Channels
BCH
PCH
DL-SCH
UE RACH eNB
UL-SCH
Downlink Physical Channels
PBCH (Physical Broadcast Channel)
PCFICH (Physical Control Format Indicator Channel)
PDCCH (Physical Downlink Control Channel)
PHICH (Physical Hybrid ARQ Indicator Channel)
PDSCH (Physical Downlink Shared Channel)
Uplink Physical Channels
PRACH (Physical Random Access Channel)
PUCCH (Physical Uplink Control Channel)
PUSCH (Physical Uplink Shared Channel)
Radio Channels
Radio
Channel
TDD
eNB
FDD
Radio
Channel
UE UE
Downlink Channel Mapping
NAS Layer ESM EMM IP
RRC Layer RRC
Integrity ROHC
PDCP Layer
Ciphering Ciphering
RLC Layer TM TM TM UM/AM UM/AM
Logical
BCCH PCCH CCCH DCCH DTCH
Channels
M AC Layer
Transport
BCH PCH DL-SCH
Channels
Physical Layer Physical

PBCH PCFICH PHICH PDCCH PDSCH
Channels
Uplink Channel Mapping
NAS Layer ESM EMM IP
RRC Layer RRC
Integrity ROHC
PDCP Layer
Ciphering Ciphering
RLC Layer TM UM/AM UM/AM
Logical
CCCH DCCH DTCH
Channels
M AC Layer
Transport
RACH UL-SCH
Channels
Physical Layer Physical

PRACH PUCCH PUSCH
Channels
Contents
2.6 Downlink OFDMA
LTE Frame Structure
Slot (0.5ms) Subframe (1ms)

Tslot = 15360 x Ts
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
Radio Frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10ms
Ts = 1/(15000x2048)
= 32.552083ns
Normal and Extended Cyclic Prefix
Radio Frame = 10ms
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
Ts
7 OFDM
Symbols (Normal 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Cyclic Prefix)
Ts
6 OFDM Symbols
(Extended Cyclic 0 1 2 3 4 5
Prefix)
CP (Cyclic
Prefix)
Downlink CP Parameters
Configuration CP Length (Ts) Time Delay

Spread
Normal Cyclic f = 15kHz 160 for slot 0 ~ 5.208s ~ 1.562km
Prefix
144 for slot 1, 2, 6 ~ 4.688s ~ 1.406km
Extended Cyclic f = 15kHz 512 for slot 0, 1, 5 ~16.67s ~ 5km
Prefix
f = 7.5kHz 1024 for 0, 1, 2 ~ 33.33 s ~ 10km
Normal CP Configuration
Larger first CP when

Normal CP is configured
DL
Nsymb OFDM Symbols (= 7 for Normal CP)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
160 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048 144 2048
E.g. NCP = 144,

TCP= 144 x Ts = 4.6875s
Type 2 TDD Radio Frame
Special GP (Guard Period)

Subframe
DwPTS (Downlink
UpPTS (Uplink
Pilot Time Slot)
Pilot Time Slot)
0 2 3 4 5 7 8 9
Type 2 Radio Frame Tf = 307200 x Ts = 10ms
Type 2 Radio Frame Switching
Points
Configuration Switching Subframe Number
Point
Periodicity 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
0 5ms D S U U U D S U U U
1 5ms D S U U D D S U U D
2 5ms D S U D D D S U D D
3 10ms D S U U U D D D D D
4 10ms D S U U D D D D D D
5 10ms D S U D D D D D D D
6 5ms D S U U U D S U U D
Contents
2.6 Downlink OFDMA
OFDM Signal Generation
Antenna
Codewords Layers Ports
Resource OFDM
Modulation
Scrambling Element Signal
Mapper
Mapper Generation
Layer
Precoding
Mapper
Resource OFDM
Modulation
Mapper
Mapper Generation
Codeword, Layer and Antenna Port
Mapping
Codeword
Rank 1 Rank 2 Rank 3 Rank 4
1 1 2 1 2 2 1 1 2 2
1 Layer 2 Layers 3 Layers 4 Layers
1, 2 or 4 2 or 4 4 Antenna 4 Antenna
Antenna Antenna Ports Ports
Ports Ports
Scrambling
Interference
F1 No F1
Scrambling
PRB PRB
Less
eNB Interference eNB
Cell RNTI
specific
scrambling
PRB PRB
Scrambling
Fixed Bit Pattern
MSB LSB Scrambling
Code
cinit = nRNTI 214 + q 213 + ns / 2 29 + NIDcell For PDSCH
cinit = nRNTI 214 + ns / 2 29 + NIDcell For PUSCH
Modulation Mapper
BPSK QPSK 16QAM
Q
3
1011 1001 0001 0011
Q Q
1 1 1
0 10 00 1010 1000 0000 0010
I I I
-1 1 -1 1 -3 -1 1 3
-1 -1 -1
1 11 01 1110 1100 0100 0110
-3
1111 1101 0101 0111
64 QAM Modulation Mapper
64QAM
Q
7
101111 101101 100101 100111 000111 000101 001101 001111
5
101110 101100 100100 100110 000110 000100 001100 001110
3
101010 101000 100000 100010 000010 000000 001000 001010
1
101011 101001 100001 100011 000011 000001 001001 001011
I
-7 -5 -3 -1 1 3 5 7
-1
111011 111001 110001 110011 010011 010001 011001 011011
-3
111010 111000 110000 110010 010010 010000 011000 011010
-5
111110 111100 110100 110110 010110 010100 011100 011110
-7
111111 111101 110101 110111 010111 010101 011101 011111
Layer Mapper Configuration
Mapper Configuration Layers (v) Antenna Ports (P)
Single Antenna v=1 P=1
Transmit Diversity v=P P1 (2 or 4)
Spatial Multiplexing 1vP P1 (2 or 4)
Single Antenna Layer Mapping
For transmission on a single antenna port, a single layer is
used,
1
and the mapping is defined by with:

( 0) ( 0)
x (i) d (i)
Spatial Multiplexing Layer Mapping
Number Number of Codeword to Layer Mapping i 0,1,..., M symb
layer
1
of Layers Codewords
1 1 x(0) (i) d (0) (i) layer
M symb M symb
( 0)
2 2 x (0) (i) d (0) (i) layer

M symb M symb
( 0)
M symb
(1)
x (1) (i) d (1) (i)
2 1 x (0) (i ) d (0) (2i ) layer

M symb M symb
(0)
2
x (1) (i ) d (0) (2i 1)
3 2 x (0) (i) d (0) (i) layer

M symb M symb
( 0)
M symb
(1)
2
x (1) (i) d (1) (2i)

x ( 2) (i) d (1) (2i 1)
4 2 x (0) (i ) d (0) (2i ) layer

M symb M symb
( 0)
2 M symb
(1)
2
x (1) (i ) d (0) (2i 1)
x ( 2) (i) d (1) (2i)

x (3) (i) d (1) (2i 1)
Transmit Diversity Layer Mapping
Number Number Codeword to Layer Mapping i 0,1,..., M symb
layer
1
of of Code
Layers words
2 1 x (0) (i) d (0) (2i)

layer
M symb M symb
( 0)
2
x (1) (i) d (0) (2i 1)
4 1 x (0) (i ) d (0) (4i ) (0)

M symb 4
(0)
if M symb mod 4 0
(0)

layer
M
M symb 2 4 if M symb mod 4 0

symb
x (1) (i ) d (0) (4i 1)
(0)
x ( 2) (i ) d (0) (4i 2) ( 0)
If M symb mod 4 0 two null symbols are
x (3) (i ) d (0) (4i 3) appended to d (0) (M symb
( 0)
1)
LTE Precoding Options
LTE Precoding
Single Antenna Port LTE Spatial M ultiplexing
CDD (Cyclic
Precoding Delay
Transmit Diversity Diversity
Precoding Concept
The precoder takes as input a block of vectors:
x(i) x (0)
(i) ... x ( 1)
(i)
T
i 0,1,..., M symb
layer
1
from the layer mapping and generates a block of vectors:

y(i) ... y ( p)
(i) ... T
i 0,1,..., M symb
ap
1
to be mapped onto resources on each of the antenna ports,
wherey ( p ) (i) represents the signal for antenna port .
Precoding for Single Antenna Port
y ( p)
(i) x (0)
(i)
Precoding for Transmit Diversity
For two antenna ports p 0,1 the output
y(i) y ( 0)
(i) (1)
y (i) T
i 0,1,..., M symb
ap
1
the precoding operation is defined by:
y (0) (2i ) 1 0 j 0 Re x (0) (i)

(1)
y ( 2i )

1
0 1 0 j
Re x (1)
(
i )

i 0,1,..., M symb
layer
1
y (0) (2i 1)
(1)
2 0 1

0 j Im x (0) (i)

2M symb
ap layer
y (2i 1) (1) M symb
1 0 j 0 Im x (i )
Precoding for Spatial Multiplexing
Without CDD With CDD

y (0) (i ) x (0) (i ) y (0) (i) x (0) (i)

W (i ) W (i ) D (i )U
y ( P 1) (i ) x ( 1) (i ) y ( P 1) (i) x ( 1) (i )

Spatial Multiplexing Codebook for
Precoding - 2 Antenna Ports
Codebook Index Number of layers
1 2
0 1 1 1 1 0

2 1 2 0 1
1 1 1 1 1 1

2 1 2 1 1
2 1 1 1 1 1

2 j 2 j j
3 1 1 -

2 j
OFDM Signal Generation
N DLN RB / 2
RB sc
p 1
p p
ak ,l e
j 2kf t NCP,lTs j 2kf t NCP,lTs
sl t a k ,l
e
k NRB Nsc / 2
DL RB k 1

Contents
2.6 Downlink OFDMA
OFDMA in LTE
Frequency
Device is allocated one

or more PRB (Physical
Resource Blocks)
Channel OFDMA
Bandwidth
E.g. 3MHz
PRB consists of 12
subcarriers for 0.5ms
Time
Physical Resource Blocks and
Resource Elements Radio Frame = 10ms
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Subframe
Slot 8 Slot 9
Physical Resource
Block
NSCRB Subcarriers = 12
NRBDL
Resource
Element
NSymbDL
Downlink PRB Parameters
Configuration NSCRB NSymbDL

Normal Cyclic Prefix f = 15kHz 7
12
Extended Cyclic f = 15kHz 6
Prefix
f = 7.5kHz 24 3
Contents
2.6 Downlink OFDMA
Downlink Cell ID
ion Signals
ynchronizat
nk S
Dow nli
(1) (2) eNB
Ncell
ID = 3NID + NID
Where: NID(1) = 0,..167

UE NID(2) = 0, 1, or 2
PSS and SSS Location for FDD
Extended CP 0 1 2 3 4 5
PSS (Primary
Bandwidth Synchronization
Sequence)
Normal CP 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 72
62 Subcarriers
Subcarriers
Bandwidth
SSS (Secondary
Synchronization
Sequence)
Slots 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
Radio Frame
Repeated in
slots 0 and 10
PSS and SSS Location for TDD
Extended CP 0 1 2 3 4 5 0 1 2 3 4 5
Bandwidth
Normal CP 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Bandwidth
Slots 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
Radio Frame
Example of SSS Indices
N ID
1 m0 m1 N ID
1 m0 m1 N ID
1 m0 m1 N ID
1 m0 m1 N ID
1 m0 m1
0 0 1 34 4 6 68 9 12 102 15 19 136 22 27
1 1 2 35 5 7 69 10 13 103 16 20 137 23 28
2 2 3 36 6 8 70 11 14 104 17 21 138 24 29
3 3 4 37 7 9 71 12 15 105 18 22 139 25 30
. . . . .
. . . . 167 2 9
33 3 5 67 8 11 101 14 18 135 21 26
SSS Scrambling
Length 31 Sequence
Cyclic Shift based on Scrambling
NID(1) sequence z
s0 (m0) s1(m1) s1(m1) s0(m0)
c0 c1 and z1(m0) c0 c1 and z1(m1)
Subframe 0 Subframe 5
62 interleaved Scrambling sequence c0
bits and c1 based on NID(2)
Contents
Downlink Reference Signals
Cell Specific (non-MBSFN)
MBSFN (MBMS service over Single Frequency Network)
UE Specific
Cell Specific Reference Signals
One Antenna Port
Normal CP Extended CP
R R R R
R R R R
R R R R
R R R R
Antenna Port 0 Antenna Port 0
Cell ID Offset
Physical Cell ID = 0 Physical Cell ID = 8

RS position is R R
R R based on Physical
R R
Cell ID (Physical
R R
Cell ID mod 6) R R
eNB R R
eNB
R R
R R
Two Antenna Port Configuration
x R x R R x R x R RS symbol for antenna port 0

R RS symbol for antenna port 1
R x R x x R x R
x R x R R x R x
R x R x x R x R
Four Antenna Port Configuration
x x R x x R Rx x Rx x x x x x R x x R x x x x
Rx x Rx x x x R x x R x R x x x x x x x x R x
x x R x x R Rx x Rx x x x x x R x x R x x x x
Rx x Rx x x x R x x R x R x x x x x x x x R x
Antenna Port 0 Antenna Port 1 Antenna Port 2 Antenna Port 3
MBFSN Reference Signals
Subframe Subframe
Slot
R
R R R R
R
R R R
R
R R R R
R
R R R
R
R R R R
R
R R R
Extended CP R R
15kHz R
R R
Extended CP R R
7.5kHz R
UE Specific Reference Signals
Normal CP Extended CP
R
R R
R R
R R R
R R R R
R
R R
R R
R R R
R R R R
Contents
PBCH (Physical Broadcast
Channel)
rmat ion)
cast Info
H (Broad
BCC
eNB
UE
MIB to PBCH Mapping (FDD and
Normal CP)
MIB
CRC
Bandwidth
Channel Coding
System
Rate Matching
Scrambling
Modulation
Layer Mapping PBCH
Precoding
Mapping to REs
10ms Frame
CFICH (Physical Control Format
Indicator Channel) - CFI Mapping
CFI Value Number of OFDM Symbols Assigned to DPCCH
RB 10
N DL RB 10
N DL
1 1 2
2 2 3
3 3 4
CFI to PCFICH Mapping
CFI OFDM Symbols
k allocated to
PDCCH
Channel Coding
(Block1/16)
Scrambling
Modulation
Layer Mapping
Precoding
Mapping to REs
PCFICH
NRBDL
Cell DL
k = (NRB
sc /2)(NID mod 2NRB) Reserved RSs
k=k
DL
k = k + NRB)/2 NRB
sc /2
DL RB
k = k + 2NRB)/2 Nsc /2
RB
k = k + 3NDL
RB)/2 Nsc /2
CFI Codewords
CFI CFI Codeword < b0, b1, , b31 >

1 <0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1>
2 <1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0>
3 <1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1>
4 (Reserved) <0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0>
PDCCH (Physical Downlink
Control Channel)
Downlink Frame - 10ms
Control 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Region
5MHz (25 Resource Blocks)
REG to CCE and PDCCH Mapping
REG Resource Element
CCE (9 x REG)
1, 2, 4 or
8 CCEs
PDCCH PDCCH PDCCH
PDCCH to Control Region
Mapping 0
0
x 0 R x R
PCFICH 0
PDCCH #0 PDCCH #N 1
R 1 x R x
RB
1
1
x 2 R x R
PHICH
2
REG 2
R 2 x R x
3 4
Interleaving and Cyclic 3 4
cell x 4 R x R
Shift based on NID
3 4
3 5
RB
R 5 x R x
REG 6 5
6 5
x 7 R x R
6 7
6 7
R 7 x R x
CCE Allocation Levels
1 CCE Level
2 CCE Level Utilization
4 CCE Level
8 CCE Level
Search Spaces
Candidate Candidate
Aggregation Set Aggregation Set
for Common for UE-specific
Control Control
8 - CCE
4 - CCE
2 - CCE
1 - CCE CCE
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Common Search Space UE-specific Search Space
PHICH (Physical Hybrid Indicator
Channel)
Frame Structure Type 1
Frame Structure Type 2 (TDD)
PHICH Mapping
ACK/ Up to eight PCFICH
NACK ACK/NACK per
PHICH
PHICH Group
Mapping
Group 0 Equation
Repetition 1/3
Modulation
Orthogonal Sequence
Scrambling
Layer Mapping
Precoding
DL For normal CP
group
NPHICH
2 Ng (NDL
RB /8)
For extended CP
Where: Ng = 1/6, , 1 or 2
Extended PHICH Example
Subframe
Extended
PHICH
Normal

PHICH
PDSCH (Physical Downlink Shared
Channel)
Subframe
x R x R
PDSCH
R x R x
Symbols
x R x R
PDSCH R x R x
Symbol
x R x R
Mapping
R x R x
Reserved for x R x R
Control
R x R x
Contents
Downlink Control Signaling
DCI Format Usage
0 Scheduling of PUSCH
1 Scheduling of one PDSCH codeword
1A Compact scheduling of one PDSCH codeword and random access
procedure initiated by a PDCCH order
1B Compact scheduling of one PDSCH codeword with precoding
information (Rank-1 transmission)
1C Very compact scheduling of one PDSCH codeword
1D Compact scheduling of one PDSCH codeword with precoding and
power offset information (multi-user MIMO)
2 Scheduling PDSCH to UEs configured in closed-loop spatial
multiplexing MIMO
2A Scheduling PDSCH to UEs configured in open-loop spatial
multiplexing MIMO
3 Transmission of TPC (Transmit Power Control) commands for
PUCCH and PUSCH with 2-bit power adjustments
3A Transmission of TPC (Transmit Power Control) commands for
PUCCH and PUSCH with 1-bit power adjustments
DCI Format 0
Flag for format0/format1A differentiation - 1 bit, where value
0 indicates format 0 and value 1 indicates format 1A.
Hopping flag.
Resource block assignment and hopping resource

allocation.
Modulation and coding scheme and redundancy version.
New data indicator.
TPC command for scheduled PUSCH.
DCI Format 0 (cont.)
Cyclic shift for DM RS.
UL index - This field is present only for TDD operation with

uplink-downlink configuration 0.
DAI (Downlink Assignment Index) - This field is present only

for TDD operation with uplink-downlink configurations 1-6.
CQI Request.
DCI Format 1
Resource allocation header (resource allocation type 0 /
type 1).
Resource block assignment.
Modulation and coding scheme.
HARQ process number.
New data indicator.
Redundancy version.
DCI Format 1 (cont.)
TPC command for PUCCH.
Downlink Assignment Index - This field is present in TDD.
Ambiguous Sizes of Information Bits

12, 14, 16 ,20, 24, 26, 32, 40, 44, 56
DCI Format 1A
Localized/Distributed VRB assignment flag - This is 1 bit

and set to 0.
Resource block assignment - all bits are set to 1.
Preamble Index.
PRACH Mask Index.
All the remaining bits are set to zero.
DCI Format 1A -
Compact Scheduling
Localized/distributed VRB (Virtual Resource Block)

assignment flag.
Resource block assignment (localized VRB /distributed

VRB).
New data indicator.
DCI Format 1A -
Compact Scheduling (cont.)
Redundancy version.
Downlink Assignment Index - This is present in TDD and is

applicable to TDD configurations 1-6.
DCI Format 1B
Localized/Distributed VRB assignment flag
Resource block assignment - different for localized and

distributed VRB.
New data indicator.
Redundancy version.
DCI Format 1B (cont.)

TPMI information for precoding - The TPMI (Transmitted

Precoding Matrix Indicator) information indicates which
codebook index is used corresponding to the single-layer
transmission.
DCI Format 1B (cont.)
PMI (Precoding Matrix Indicator) confirmation for precoding
- This indicates whether precoding is based on the indicated
TPMI or on the latest PMI report sent on the PUSCH.
DCI Format 1C
Gap value - This indicates if or is to be utilized.
Transport block size index.
DCI Format 1D
Localized/Distributed VRB assignment flag.
HARQ process number - the size of this varies depending

on FDD or TDD mode.
New data indicator.
Redundancy version.
DCI Format 1D (cont.)

TPMI information for precoding
Downlink power offset - This is required for multi-user MIMO

scheduling in the downlink.
DCI Format 2
Resource allocation header - This indicates resource
allocation type 0 or type 1.
Resource block assignment - This is for type 0 or 1

information.
TPC command for PUCCH


on FDD or TDD mode.
DCI Format 2
Transport block to codeword swap flag - This determines
the transport block to codeword mapping. However, if one of
the transport blocks is disabled the mapping is different.
For the first Transport Block:
New data indicator.
Redundancy version.
DCI Format 2
For the second Transport Block:
New data indicator.
Redundancy version.
Precoding information - This is either 3bits or 6bits

depending on the number of antenna ports.
DCI Format 2A
One codeword: Codeword 0 enabled, Two codewords: Codeword 0 enabled,

Codeword 1 disabled Codeword 1 enabled
Bit field Message Bit field Message

mapped to mapped
index to index
0 4 layers: Transmit diversity 0 2 layers: precoder cycling with
large delay CDD
1 2 layers: precoder cycling 1 3 layers: precoder cycling with
with large delay CDD large delay CDD
2 Reserved 2 4 layers: precoder cycling with
large delay CDD
3 Reserved 3 Reserved
DCI Format 3
TPC command number 1, TPC command number 2,,
TPC command number N, where:
L
N format 0
2
DCI Format 3A
TPC command number 1, TPC command number 2,,
TPC command number M - where
M Lformat0
and where:
Lformat0
is equal to the payload size of format 0 before CRC

attachment.
Contents
Initial Procedures
Uplink Synchronization
Complete
PLMN/Cell RACH
Power On Cell Search
Selection Process
Downlink Synchronization
Complete
Cell Search
Frame - 10ms
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
5MHz (25
Resource
Blocks)
PSS
SSS
PBCH
Physical Cell Identities
SSS - One of 168

Group Identities
eNB eNB
eNB
504 Unique Cell
Identities PSS - One of 3 Identities
PSS Correlation
Subframe
PSS0
PSS1
PSS2
Correlation
SSS Correlation
Subframe
SSS
SSS
Device can
Cyclic Shift based
identify Cell ID
on Cell ID and
and frame timing
Subframe (0 or 5)
SI Messages - PBCH and the
Master Information Block
M IB (M aster Information Block)

DL-Bandwidth (6, 15, 25, 50, 75, 100)
PHICH Configuration (Ng and Normal/Extended)
System Frame Number
NRB
Frame 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
SI Block Type 1
SIB1 (System Information Block Type 1)
PLMN Identity List
Tracking Area Code
E-CGI (Evolved Cell Global Identity)
Cell Barred Indication
Intra Frequency Reselection
CSG Indication
CSG Identity
Qrxlevminoffset
P-Max
Frequency Band Indicator
Scheduling Info List
SIB Window Length (1, 2, 5, 10, 15, 20, 40ms)
System Info Value Tag
NRB
Frame 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Repetitions are scheduled in subframe #5 of all
other radio frames for which SFN mod 2 = 0
SI Block Type 1
PLMN Identity List - This is a list of PLMN identities. The
first listed PLMN-Identity is the primary PLMN.
Tracking Area Code - This is a TAC (Tracking Area Code)

that is common for all the PLMNs listed.
Cell Barred Indication.
Intra Frequency Reselection - This is used to control cell

reselection to intra-frequency cells when the highest ranked
cell is barred, or treated as barred by the UE
SI Block Type 1 (cont.)
CSG Indication - if set to TRUE, the UE CSG (Closed
Subscriber Group) identity needs to match.
CSG Identity - This is the identity of the Closed Subscriber

Group within the primary PLMN the cell belongs to.
Qrxlevminoffset - This affects the minimum required Rx

level in the cell.
P-Max - This is part of the cell selection process.
Frequency Band Indicator
SI Block Type 1 (cont.)
SI Periodicity Mapping Information - This denotes a value in
radio frames: rf8, rf16, rf32, rf64, rf128, rf256, rf512 and is
used to calculate the occurrence of messages
SIB Window Length - This is a common SI scheduling

window for all SIB and indicates 1, 2, 5, 10, 15, 20 or 40ms.
System Info Value Tag - Common for all SIBs other than
MIB, SIB1, SIB10 and SIB11.
Example of SI Mapping
SI2 {rf16, SIB6, SIB7, SIB8, SIB9}
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 SFN
SI1 {rf8, SIB3, SIB4, SIB5} SIB1 (System Information Block Type 1)
.
SI-Window=5ms
Scheduling Info List
- SI1 {rf8, SIB3, SIB4, SIB5}
- SI2 {rf16, SIB6, SIB7, SIB8, SIB9}
SI Block Type 2

Access Class Information
Uplink Carrier Frequency
UL Bandwidth
MBSFN Configuration Information
SI Block Type 3
Cell Reselection Information
Q-Hyst
Speed State Reselection Parameters
Q-Hyst Speed SF (Scaling Factor)
Treselection EUTRA
Treselection EUTRA SF
S Intra Search
Cell Reselection Serving Freq Info
S-Non-Intra Search Info
Threshold Serving Low Value
Intra Freq Cell Reselection Info
p-Max
Allowed Measurement Bandwidth
SI Block Type 4

Intra Freq Neighbour Cell List
q-OffsetCell
Intra Freq Black Cell List
CSG Physical Cell Id Range
SI Block Type 5

Inter Frequency Carrier Freq List
Inter Frequency Carrier Freq Info
Inter Frequency Neighbour Cell List
Inter Frequency Neighbour Cell Info
Inter Frequency Black Cell List
Inter Frequency Black Cell Info
SI Block Type 6

Carrier Frequency List UTRA
UTRA Reselection Information
SI Block Type 7

Carrier Frequency List GERAN
GERAN Reselection Information
SI Block Type 8

CDMA2000 Information
SI Block Type 9

Home eNB Name
PLMN Selection
PLMN selection 3G Visited

may be initiated PLMN
automatically or
manually LTE Visited
Node B PLMN
eNB
UE
eNB may contain
upto 6 PLMN
LTE Home eNB
Identities
PLMN
Cell Selection
eNB Qrxlevmeas
Qrxlevmeas
UE eNB
Qrxlevmeas
Srxlev > 0
Srxlev = Qrxlevmeas - (Qrxlevmin + Qrxlevminoffset ) - Pcompensation
eNB
Cell Selection Parameters
Parameter Description
Srxlev Cell Selection RX level value (dB).
Qrxlevmeas Measured cell RX level value (RSRP),
where RSRP is defined as the linear average
over the power contributions of the resource
elements that carry cell specific reference
signals within the considered measurement
frequency bandwidth.
Qrxlevmin Minimum required RX level in the cell
(dBm).
Qrxlevminoffset Offset to the signaled Qrxlevmin taken into
account in the Srxlev evaluation as a result
of a periodic search for a higher priority
PLMN while camped normally in a visited
PLMN.
Pcompensation max (PEMAX - PUMAX, 0), where PEMAX is the
maximum allowed power configured by
higher layers.
PUMAX RF output power of the UE (dBm) according
to the UE power class (this may vary
depending on allowed tolerances).
Contents
SC-FDMA Subcarrier Mapping
Concept
Time Domain Frequency Domain Time Domain
0
0
0
0
Subcarrier CP
DFT IDFT
Symbols Mapping Insertion
0
0
0
SC-FDMA Signal Generation
N symbols sequence DFT Output
produces N subcarriers
First N Symbols
DFT
Modulated and
Coded Symbols
Second N Symbols
DFT
Different input sequence

produces different output
SC-FDMA and the eNB
Time Second N Symbols
IDFT
Power
Cyclic
Prefix First N Symbols
IDFT
N Subcarriers
SC-FDMA Signal Generation
Equation
N RB N sc / 2 1
UL RB
j 2 k 1 2 f t N CP ,l Ts
sl t ak ( ) ,l e

k N RB
UL RB
N sc / 2
Contents
SC-FDMA vs. OFDMA
Feature SC-FDMA OFDMA

Low PAPR Y X
Performance X Y
Uplink MIMO X Y
Contents
Uplink LTE Physical Channels
PRACH PUSCH PUCCH
PRACH (Physical Random Access
Channel)
CP Sequence
TCP TSEQ Guard Period

Preamble
PRACH Guard Period
UE - A UE - B
eNB
UE - A CP Sequence
UE - B CP Sequence
UE B delay
due to distance eNB Access Window
Random Access Preamble
Parameters
Preamble Allocated TSEQ TCP TCP (s) TGT TGT Max. Max Cell
Format Subframes (Ts) (Ts) (Ts) (s) Delay Radius
Spread (km)
(s)
0 1 24576 3168 103.125 2976 96.875 5.208 14.531

1 2 24576 21024 684.375 15840 515.625 16.666 77.344
2 2 49152 6240 203.125 6048 196.875 5.208 29.531
3 3 49152 21024 684.375 21984 715.625 16.666 102.65
4 (TDD) Special 4096 448 14.583 576 18.75 16.666 4.375
Frame
PRACH FDD Formats
Subframe 1ms Subframe 1ms
Format 3
Format 2
Format 1
6
Format 0
PRB
CP Zadoff Chu Sequence
PRACH Configuration
Subframe Subframe Subframe
0 1 2
RB 24
839
Subcarriers
1.25kHz
(6RBs) PRACH Frequency
C Offset (0 to 104
ZC
P Resource Blocks)
RB 0
PRACH Configuration Index
PRACH Preamble System Subframe
Configuration Format Frame Number
Index Number
0 0 Even 1
1 0 Even 4
2 0 Even 7
3 0 Any 1
4 0 Any 4
5 0 Any 7
6 0 Any 1, 6
7 0 Any 2 ,7
8 0 Any 3, 8
9 0 Any 1, 4, 7
10 0 Any 2, 5, 8
11 0 Any 3, 6, 9
12 0 Any 0, 2, 4, 6, 8
13 0 Any 1, 3, 5, 7, 9
14 0 Any 0, 1, 2, 3, 4,
5, 6, 7, 8, 9
15 0 Even 9
. . . .
. . . .
63 3 Even 9
PRACH Configuration and
Preamble Sequences per Cell
Constant amplitude
Autocorrelation
Cross correlation
Cell has 64
Preamble
PRACH-Configuration
Sequences
Root Sequence Index (0 to 837)
PRACH Configuration Index (0 to 63)
High Speed Flag
Zero Correlation Zone Configuration (0 to 15)
PRACH Frequency Offset (0 to 104) eNB
PUSCH (Physical Uplink Shared
Channel)
Subframe
PUSCH
Symbols
PDSCH
Symbol
Mapping
Reference
Signals
Multiplexing Control Signaling
Subframe
PUSCH Data CQI/PMI

PUSCH Reference Signals RI (Rank)
ACK/NACK
PUCCH (Physical Uplink Control
Channel)
PRB=n
Uplink Carrier Bandwidth
Control Region 0
Control Region 1
Control Region 2
PRB=0
Slot n Slot n+1
Subframe
Contents
FDD Timing
PDCCH
Subframe Subframe Subframe Subframe Subframe Subframe

3 4 5 6 7 8
Downlink
FDD:
K=4

3 4 5 6 7 8
Uplink
4 Subframe Delay
PUSCH
K Values for TDD Configurations
TDD UL/DL K value for DL Subframe Number

Configuration
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
0 4* 6* 4* 6*
1 6 4 6 4
2 4 4
3 4 4 4
4 4 4
5 4
6 7 7 7 7 5
Example of TDD Configuration 2
Special
TDD Configuration 2 Subframe
(DSUDDDSUDD)
0 2 3 4 5 7 8 9
K=4 Subframe Delay
Switch to Switch to
Uplink Downlink
Contents
2.21 HARQ Operation
Uplink Reference Signals
DRS (Demodulation SRS (Sounding

Reference Signal) Reference Signal)
Demodulation Reference Signal
Sequence length - This is part of the uplink allocation.
Sequence Groups (0-29) - This is cell specific.
Sequence - Each group contains one sequence for each

length up to 5 PRB, and two sequences for each length
from 6PRB.
12 Cyclic Shift options.
DRS Sequence Group Selection
Sequence Group Selection
Fixed Group Group Hopping
PUSCH DRS
R R
R R
R R
12 Subcarriers
R R
R R
R R
R R LTE DRS (Demodulation
R R Reference Signals) transmitted
R R
R R across all subcarriers assigned
R R to a UE
R R
Slot Slot
Subframe
PUSCH DRS (Extended CP)
R R
R R
R R
12 Subcarriers
R R
R R
R R
R R
R R Extended CP
R R DRS Location
R R
R R
R R
Slot Slot
Subframe
Requirement for SRS
Subframe Subframe
No Channel
Information
eNB
UE
Assigned No Channel
Resources Information
SRS Frequency Hopping
Subframe 0 1 2 3 4
eNB
UE
SRS
SRS Allocation
SRS Symbol
UE 1 and 2 (Using
different cyclic
shifts)
UE 3 and 4 (Using
different cyclic
shifts)
12 Subcarriers
Subframe
Contents
2.21 HARQ Operation
PUCCH Formats
PUCCH Description Modulation Bits per
Format Type subframe
1 Scheduling Request N/A N/A

1a ACK/NACK BPSK 1
ACK/NACK+SR
1b ACK/NACK QPSK 2
ACK/NACK+SR
2 CQI/PMI or RI QPSK 20
(CQI/PMI or RI)+ACK/NACK
(Extended CP only)
2a (CQI/PMI or RI)+ACK/NACK QPSK+BPSK 21
(normal CP only)
2b (CQI/PMI or RI)+ACK/NACK QPSK+QPSK 22
(normal CP only)
PUCCH Format 1
Information is carried by the presence/absence of
transmission of PUCCH from the UE.
UE is assigned a resource index which indicates a resource

every nth frame that can be used to transmit a SR
(Scheduling Request).
The size of PUCCH format 1 is 0bits
PUCCH Format 1a and 1b
1 or 2 bit ACK/NACK
To Next
BPSK/QPSK Slot
Cyclically
shifted
length-12
sequence
IFFT IFFT IFFT IFFT

Length 4 Sequence
W0 W1 W2 W3
UL RS UL RS UL RS
Slot
PUCCH Format 2 (Normal CP)
No Orthogonal
Code Applied
CQI/PMI or RI
Cyclically To Next
shifted Slot
length-12
sequence
IFFT IFFT IFFT IFFT IFFT
Slot (Normal CP)
PUCCH Format 2 (Extended CP)
CQI/PMI or RI + ACK/NACK
Cyclically To Next
shifted Slot
length-12
sequence
IFFT IFFT IFFT IFFT IFFT
Slot (Extended CP)
ACK/NACK Coding
They are bit scrambled by a UE specific scrambling
sequence.
The initialization of the scrambling sequence generator is

the same as that of the PUSCH.
BPSK (2a) or QPSK (2b) modulation for the 2nd RS symbol

in each slot is used. This carries ACK/NACK.
Format 2a: QPSK CQI + BPSK ACK/NACK
Format 2b: QPSK CQI + QPSK ACK/NACK
ACK/NACK Coding (cont.)
1 or 2 bit
ACK/NACK
Cyclically To Next
shifted Slot
length-12
sequence
IFFT
1st RS 2nd RS
Slot (Normal CP)
Contents
2.21 HARQ Operation
LTE Random Access Procedure
No
Identify
Identify RACH Send Receive
PRACH
Preambles Preamble Response
Format
Yes
Send RRC MAC

Decode SRB
Connection Connection
Response Established
Request Resolution
Random Access RRC Signaling
Procedure
UE eNB
PRACH Preamble Sequence
RACH
MAC Scheduling Grant

MAC
Contention
RRC Connection Request
UL-SCH Resolution
RRC Connection Setup
DL-SCH
RRC Connection Setup Complete
UL-SCH
Signalling Radio Bearer
(RRC Connected)
PRACH Probing
eNB indicates the

preamble/ZC sequence
PRACH was received and
Power includes initial UL grant
Control
Noise/
Interference Scheduled Message
E.g. RRC Connection
Request
PRACH PRACH PRACH PDCCH PUSCH

DL-SCH
Parameters for Random Access
Parameter Description
PRACH-ConfigInfo This contains: prach-ConfigIndex, highSpeedFlag,
zeroCorrelationZoneConfig and prach-FreqOffset
ra-ResponseWindowSize Random access response window size in subframes
(sf2, sf3, sf4, sf5, sf6, sf7, sf8 or sf10)
powerRampingStep Power ramping factor (dB0, dB2,dB4 or dB6)
preambleTransMax Maximum number of preamble transmission (n3, n4,
n5, n6, n7, n8, n10, n20, n50, n100 or n200)
preambleInitialReceivedTargetPower Initial preamble power (-120, -118, -116, -114, -112,
-110, -108, -106, -104, -102, -100, -98, -96, -94, -92
or -90 dBm)
DELTA_PREAMBLE Preamble format based offset
maxHARQ-Msg3Tx Maximum number of Msg3 HARQ transmissions (1
to 8)
mac-ContentionResolutionTimer Contention Resolution Timer (sf8, sf16, sf24, sf32,
sf40, sf48, sf56 or sf64)
numberOfRA-Preambles Number of preambles used (n4, n8, n12, n16 ,n20,
n24, n28, n32, n36, n40, n44, n48, n52, n56, n60 or
n64)
sizeOfRA-PreamblesGroupA Number of preambles assigned to group A (n4, n8,
n12, n16 ,n20, n24, n28, n32, n36, n40, n44, n48,
n52, n56 or n60)
messagePowerOffsetGroupB Part of the power equation to identify which group
to use (minusinfinity, dB0, dB5, dB8, dB10, dB12,
dB15, or dB18)
messageSizeGroupA Part of the size equation to identify which group to
use (b56, b144, b208, b256},
ra-PreambleIndex The preamble to use as parted of dedicated
configuration (0 to 63)
ra-PRACH-MaskIndex The resource to use as parted of dedicated
configuration (0 to 15)
Allocation of Preamble Groups
numberOfRA-Preambles
0 1 2 3 4 63
UE
sizeOfRA-PreamblesGroupA
eNB
0 1 2 3 4 Preambles Group B
is used dependent
on messages size
and pathloss
Random Access Response
Window
Subframes +3 Subframes
Random
eNB RA Response
Access
Window Size
sf2, sf3, sf4, sf5,

sf6, sf7, sf8, sf10
UE
MAC Random Access Response
UE eNB
PRACH Preamble Sequence
MAC Scheduling Grant
RAPID (Random Access Preamble ID)

TA
UL Grant
Temporary C-RNTI
Uplink Transmission
RA
Response
Subframes Window
+3 n+k1 (k1 6)
Random
eNB Access
RAPID Assigned
Response UL-SCH
UE
MAC Contention Resolution
Includes UE
UE Identity eNB
RRC Connection Request

UL-SCH MAC Responds
with UE Identity
MAC Contention Resolution
Contents
2.21 HARQ Operation
Uplink Power Control
Uplink Power Control

PUSCH
PUCCH
PRACH
SRS eNB
UE
Power Control Calculations
PUSCH Power Control:
PPUSCH (i ) min{ PCMAX , 10 log 10 ( M PUSCH (i )) PO_PUSCH ( j ) ( j ) PL TF (i ) f (i )}
PUCCH Power Control:

PPUCCH i min PCMAX , P0_PUCCH PL hnCQI , nHARQ F_PUCCH F g i
PRACH Power Control:

PPRACH = min{PCMAX , PREAMBLE_RECEIVED_TARGET_POWER + PL}
dBm
Contents
2.21 HARQ Operation
Paging Issues
Paging Message
Subframes for this UE
eNB
Decoding every subframe would
impact battery performance
UE
DRX Reception of Paging
Buffered in eNB Paging Message

Subframes for this UE
eNB
DRX improves battery
performance
UE
Paging Frame
FDD Subframe Patterns
Ns PO when PO when PO when PO when

i_s=0 i_s=1 i_s=2 i_s=3
1 9 N/A N/A N/A
2 4 9 N/A N/A
4 0 4 5 9
Paging Frame
TDD Subframe Patterns
Ns PO when PO when PO when PO when

i_s=0 i_s=1 i_s=2 i_s=3
0 0 N/A N/A N/A
2 0 5 N/A N/A
4 0 1 5 6
Contents
2.21 HARQ Operation
ARQ vs. HARQ
ARQ
Implemented at RLC Layer
Slow Retransmission
Not optimized for Radio Interference
eNB
UE
HARQ
Not New used in HSPA and HSPA+
Implemented at MAC and PHY Layers
Fast Retransmission
Optimized for Radio Interference
Improved system efficiency
Basic Concepts of SAW
SAW (Stop
and Wait) What is sent here?
1 2
eNB
ACK
UE acknowledges and next

transmission can be sent UE
HARQ Parallel Processes
HARQ with 8
parallel processes New
data Retransmission
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 2 3
eNB
A A A A A A A A A A N A A A A
UE
HARQ Methods
Chase Incremental
Combing Redundancy
Redundancy Versions and Soft
Bits
Original Data
1/3 Rate Turbo Coding
Rate Matching Redundancy

Version
1st TX IR Buffer Size = 10bits
Reff.=4/5
Reff. = 4/5
NACK
2nd TX
Reff.=2/5
Reff. = 4/5
ACK
HARQ in LTE
FDD HARQ Processes
8 HARQ Processes
eNB
UE
8 HARQ Processes - Normal Scheduling
4 HARQ Processes - Subframe Bundling Scheduling
HARQ in LTE
TDD HARQ Processes
TDD UL/DL Configuration Maximum Number of HARQ Processes

0 4
1 7
2 10
3 9
4 12
5 15
HARQ in the Downlink
Asynchronous adaptive HARQ.
Uplink ACK/NAKs in response to downlink (re)transmissions

are sent on PUCCH or PUSCH.
PDCCH signals the HARQ process number and if it is a

transmission or retransmission.
Retransmissions are always scheduled through PDCCH.
HARQ in the Uplink
Synchronous HARQ.
Maximum number of retransmissions configured per UE (as

opposed to per Radio Bearer).
Downlink ACK/NAKs in response to uplink (re)transmissions

are sent on PHICH.
Uplink HARQ Operation
HARQ PDCCH seen by UE behaviour

feedback seen the UE
by the UE
ACK or NACK New Transmission New transmission according to PDCCH
ACK or NACK Retransmission Retransmission according to PDCCH

(adaptive retransmission)
ACK None No (re)transmission, keep data in HARQ

buffer and a PDCCH is required to resume
retransmissions
NACK None Non-adaptive retransmission
Downlink ACK NACK Timing
PDCCH+PDPSCH
Data

3 4 5 6 7 8
Downlink
FDD:
K=4

3 4 5 6 7 8
Uplink
ACK on PUCCH
or PUSCH
Uplink ACK NACK Timing
PHICH

3 4 5 6 7 8
Downlink
D: K=4
FD

3 4 5 6 7 8
Uplink
PUSCH
Contents
2.21 HARQ Operation
SU-MIMO and MU-MIMO
Increases capacity since a

single user benefits from
multiple data streams. MU-MIMO
SU-MIMO
eNB
eNB UE
Increases sector
capacity by allowing
UE users to share streams. UE
Transmission Modes
Mode 1 - Single-Antenna transmission, port 0, no MIMO.
Mode 2 - Transmit diversity.
Mode 3 - Transmit diversity or with Large Delays CDD is

used.
Mode 4 - Transmit diversity or Closed-loop spatial

multiplexing.
Mode 5 - Transmit diversity or multi user MIMO (more than

one UE is assigned to the same resource block).
Mode 6 - Transmit diversity or closed loop precoding for

rank=1 (i.e. no spatial multiplexing, but precoding is used).
Spatial Multiplexing MIMO
2x2 SM (Spatial
Multiplexing)
TB eNB Port 0 TB
MIMO
TB TB
Port 1 UE
Spatial Multiplexing Interference
Issues
Interference
causes twice
as may errors
TB eNB Port 0 TB
MIMO
TB TB
Port 1 UE
Interference
MIMO Single Stream
Increased
Robustness
Form of
STC
TB eNB Port 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
1 2 3 4 5 6 MIMO TB
Port 1 3 6 5 2 1 4 UE
Interference TB Still
Recoverable
Adaptive MIMO Switching
Spatial
Multiplexing
Efficiency
AMS Point
Other
Methods
eNB
UE
Low SNR High SNR
Spatial Multiplexing in LTE
PDSCH Processing
Antenna
Codewords Layers Ports
Resource OFDM
Modulation
Mapper
Mapper Generation
Layer
Precoding
Mapper
Resource OFDM
Modulation
Mapper
Mapper Generation
Codebook Based Precoding
Codebook Index Number of Layers
1 2
0 1 1 1 1 0

2 1 2 0 1
1 1 1 1 1 1

2 1 2 1 1
2 1 1 1 1 1

2 j 2 j j
3 1 1 -

2 j
Feedback Reporting
CQI PM I RI
4bit CQI Table
CQI Index Modulation Code Rate x 1024 Efficiency
0 out of range
1 QPSK 78 0.1523
2 QPSK 120 0.2344
3 QPSK 193 0.3770
4 QPSK 308 0.6016
5 QPSK 449 0.8770
6 QPSK 602 1.1758
7 16QAM 378 1.4766
8 16QAM 490 1.9141
9 16QAM 616 2.4063
10 64QAM 466 2.7305
11 64QAM 567 3.3223
12 64QAM 666 3.9023
13 64QAM 772 4.5234
14 64QAM 873 5.1152
15 64QAM 948 5.5547
Questions
Which protocol performs air interface ciphering and integrity?
a. PDCP.
b. RLC.
c. MAC.
d. PHY.
Questions
True / False. All System Information messages are
transferred on the BCH.
Questions
How many symbols are there in a slot when a normal CP is
used?
a. 5.
b. 6.
c. 7.
d. 8.
Questions
What is the maximum number of codewords that LTE can
use?
a. 1.
b. 2.
c. 3.
d. 4.
Questions
How many symbols are in a slot when operating with a
normal CP?
a. 6
b. 7
c. 8
d. 9
Questions
How many physical cell identities are there?
a. 168
b. 256
c. 504
d. 512
Questions
How many REG make up a CCE?
a. 6
b. 7
c. 8
d. 9
Questions
Which DCI Format is used to allocate uplink resources?
a. DCI Format 0
b. DCI Format 1
c. DCI Format 1a
d. DCI Format 1b
Questions
What is the TTI for the MIB?
a. 1ms
b. 10ms
c. 40ms
d. 80ms
Questions
How many PRACH sequences are on each cell?
a. 64
b. 128
c. 256
d. 512
Questions
How many HARQ processes are used in the downlink?
a. 4
b. 6
c. 8
d. 10
Contents
Contents
3.1 Scheduling Principles and Signaling
3.2 Scheduler Interaction
3.3 Dynamic and Semi Persistent Scheduling
Contents
IP Scheduling
Historically voice is LTE is purely

delivered on dedicated IP based
channels
BTS Services including

voice are packetized eNB
Node B
Basic Scheduling in a Cell
A B C
Ideal Resource (based
Users
on QoS) for this
subframe (1ms TTI)
Loading and scheduling

issues need managing
eNB
Available Cell
Resources
Time
QoS in Packet Switched Networks
Packet Schedulers and Classifiers
E-UTRAN EPC
MME
UE
VoIP PDN-GW
eNB
S-GW
UE
FTP
Packet Packet
Classifier Scheduler
VoIP A
VoIP A x5
FTP B
FTP B X2
Key Factors Influencing Scheduling
Neighbor Cell
Interference Uplink
Feedback Interference Guaranteed
e.g. CQI Bearers
Buffer
Status
eNB
UE
UE Scheduling
Retransmissions eNB Mode
UE
eNB
UE Category Configuration
Bandwidth
Configuration
Scheduling Methods
Proportional Fair
Minimum throughput
Maximum throughput
demands for
demands (various MAX C/I
guaranteed service in
methods)
order of priority
Biased
DCI Format 2
Resource allocation header - This indicates resource
allocation type 0 or type 1.
Resource block assignment - This is for type 0 or 1

information.
TPC command for PUCCH


on FDD or TDD mode.
DCI Format 2
Transport block to codeword swap flag - This determines
the transport block to codeword mapping. However, if one of
the transport blocks is disabled the mapping is different.
For the first Transport Block:
New data indicator.
Redundancy version.
DCI Format 2
For the second Transport Block:
New data indicator.
Redundancy version.
Precoding information - This is either 3bits or 6bits

depending on the number of antenna ports.
PDSCH Resource Allocation -
Type 0
Type 0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
P P P
1 Bit
Type 1
Type 1
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Subset 0
P P
P P Subset p
p Bits P P
Type 2
9
14 13 RIV
10 11 12 11
5 6 7 8
0 1 2 3 4 0 1 2 3 4
Modulation and TBS Index for
PDSCH MCS
Index
Modulation
Order
TBS
Index
MCS
Index
Modulation
Order
TBS
Index
I MCS Qm I TBS I MCS Qm I TBS
0 2 0 16 4 15
1 2 1 17 6 15
2 2 2 18 6 16
3 2 3 19 6 17
4 2 4 20 6 18
5 2 5 21 6 19
6 2 6 22 6 20
7 2 7 23 6 21
8 2 8 24 6 22
9 2 9 25 6 23
10 4 9 26 6 24
11 4 10 27 6 25
12 4 11 28 6 26
13 4 12 29 2 Reserved
14 4 13 30 4
15 4 14 31 6
Using the TBS Size
Local and Distributed
VRB (Virtual Resource
Block) Options
TBS
size
Scheduled 1/3 Rate coding

5RB (MIMO SM)
Punctured
16QAM RV
TBS(s) Size
Physical Bits
RV
Contents
Scheduler Interaction
Layer 3 RRM
Manager
Layer 3
Layer 2
UE
Buffer Status
MAC
HARQ
Scheduler
Link
Adaptation
Layer 2 RRM Manager

Layer 2
Layer 1
Layer 1 Reports + UCI + SRS Dynamic
Allocation
Questions
Which entity performs the allocation and scheduling of the
air interface resources?
a. UE.
b. eNB.
c. MME.
d. All of the above.
Questions
Identify three main factors influencing resource scheduling.
Questions
How many MCS Indexes are there in LTE?
a. 16.
b. 32.
c. 64.
d. 128
Questions
How many subframes are allocated when TTI (subfrrame)
bundling is configured?
a. 2
b. 3
c. 4
d. 5
Contents
Dynamic Scheduling
0 1 2 3 4 5
PDSCH
Downlink
PDCCH D
Mobile Mobile
Receives Sends
Dynamic
ACK/
PUCCH
NACK
Uplink
Semi-Persistent Scheduling
0 1 2 3 4 5
PDSCH
Downlink
PDCCH S
Mobile Mobile Mobile
Receives Sends Sends
Semi-
Persistent
ACK/ ACK/
PUCCH
NACK NACK
Uplink
Contents
Contents
4.1 Intra LTE Mobility
4.2 Reporting Options
4.3 Mobility Measurements
Contents
Intra-LTE Mobility
Idle State Active State

M obility M obility
Idle State - Cell Reselection
Intra-Frequency
Frequency
1
Frequency
eNB 1
UE eNB
Frequency
2 Inter-Frequency
eNB
Sintrasearch Parameter
Squal
Sintrasearch
Time
High and Medium Mobility State
Impact to Treselection
Cell is better for duration

of Treselection (may have
scaling applied )
UE
eNB eNB
Ranking of Cells - Ranking
Equation
Rs = Qmeas,s + QHyst
Rn = Qmeas,n - Qoffset
Active State Mobility - Intra LTE
RSRP RSRP
Perform
Handover
Margin
eNB eNB
Serving UE Neighbor
Measurements and Handover

Reporting Preparation
LTE Handover
Source Target
UE
eNB eNB MME S-GW
Measurement
Report(s) Handover Request
Handover
RRC Connection Request Ack
Reconfiguration SN Status
Request Transfer
Handover Confirmed
Path Switch
Request
Modify
Bearer
Path Switch
Request Ack
Contents
Measurement Configuration
Parameters
rat ion message
ect ion Reconf igu
RRC Conn
M easConfig
measObjectToRemoveList eNB
measObjectId
UE
measObject
reportConfigToRemoveList
reportConfigId
reportConfig
measIdToRemoveList
measGapConfig
s-Measure
timeToTrigger-SF
Report Configuration Parameters
rat ion message

ect ion Reconf igu
RRC Conn
eNB
M easConfig
UE reportConfigEUTRA
triggerType (event or Periodic)
triggerQuantity (RSRP, RSRQ)
reportQuantity
maxReportCells
reportInterval
reportAmount
ThresholdEUTRA
Periodic and Event Reporting
Threshold
eNB
Periodic
Event triggered based on UE

threshold, hysterisis and TTT
(Time To Trigger) Event Based
UE
Contents
Measurement Gaps
Non Gap Assisted
Bandwidth
Bandwidth
Bandwidth
Bandwidth
Bandwidth
Bandwidth
Fc Fc Fc
Same frequency, same Same frequency, Same frequency,

bandwidth, non gap different bandwidth, different bandwidth,
assisted non gap assisted non gap assisted
Measurement Gaps
Gap Assisted
Bandwidth
Bandwidth
Bandwidth
Bandwidth
Bandwidth
Fc
Fc
Bandwidth
Fc
Different frequency, Different frequency, Different frequency,

overlapping overlapping no overlapping
bandwidth, gap bandwidth, gap bandwidth, gap
assisted assisted assisted
Gap Configuration
SFN mod T = FLOOR(gapOffset /10)

subframe = gapOffset mod 10
where: T= TGRP/10
UE Measurements
E-UTRA Carrier RSSI
RSRP
RSRQ
Questions
True / False. Adjacent LTE cells can utilize the same, or
difference, frequency band.
Questions
What is the name of the parameter which can be used to
configure if intra-frequency measurements should be
performed?
Questions
Which message is used to provide the UE with Active State
measurement configuration information?
a. System Information.
b. RRC Connection Setup.
c. RRC Connection Reconfiguration.
d. Measurement Control.
Questions
Which measurement event is used to indicate that a
neighbor cell is an offset better than the serving cell?
a. Event A1.
b. Event A2.
c. Event A3.
d. Event A4.
Thank you
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LTE Air Interface

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

2. LTE Radio Interface General Principles

3. Dynamic Resource Allocation

4. Intra LTE Mobility

2. LTE Radio Interface General Principles

3. Dynamic Resource Allocation

4. Intra LTE Mobility

1.2 3GPP Releases

1.3 Radio Interface Techniques

1.4 Transmission Modes

1.5 Spectrum Usage

1.6 Channel Coding in LTE

1.7 Principles of OFDM

1.2 3GPP Releases

1.3 Radio Interface Techniques

1.4 Transmission Modes

1.5 Spectrum Usage

1.6 Channel Coding in LTE

1.7 Principles of OFDM

1G (First 2G (Second 3G (Third 4G (Fourth

TACS (Total Access Communications System)

ETACS (Extended Total Access Communications System)

System Service Theoretical Data Typical Data Rate

2G GSM Circuit Switched 9.6kbit/s or 9.6kbit/s or

1.2 3GPP Releases

1.3 Radio Interface Techniques

1.4 Transmission Modes

1.5 Spectrum Usage

1.6 Channel Coding in LTE

1.7 Principles of OFDM

LTE LTE LTE Advanced

1.2 3GPP Releases

1.3 Radio Interface Techniques

1.4 Transmission Modes

1.5 Spectrum Usage

1.6 Channel Coding in LTE

1.7 Principles of OFDM

1.2 3GPP Releases

1.3 Radio Interface Techniques

1.4 Transmission Modes

1.5 Spectrum Usage

1.6 Channel Coding in LTE

1.7 Principles of OFDM

Downlink Uplink Downlink Uplink

1.2 3GPP Releases

1.3 Radio Interface Techniques

1.4 Transmission Modes

1.5 Spectrum Usage

1.6 Channel Coding in LTE

1.7 Principles of OFDM

GSM 400 450 450.4 - 457.6 460.4 - 467.6

I 2100 1920 - 1980 2110 - 2170

GSM 900 GSM 850 GSM 400

Band V Band VIII

17 FDD 734 746 5730 5730-5849 704 716 23730 23730-23849

33 TDD 1900 1920 36000 36000-36199 1900 1920 36000 36000-36199

FDL = FDL_low + 0.1(NDL - NOffs-DL)

FUL = FUL_low + 0.1(NUL - NOffs-UL)

FDL = FDL_low + 0.1(NDL - NOffs-DL)

1.2 3GPP Releases

1.3 Radio Interface Techniques

1.4 Transmission Modes