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ELECTROFACIES
 FACIES
Facies:
The characteristics of a rock mass that reflect
its depositional environment. These
characteristics enable the rock mass to be
distinguished from rocks deposited in adjacent
environments.

Sedimentary facies
physical, chemical, and biological aspects of a
sedimentary bed and the lateral change within
sequences of beds of the same geologic age

Serra,1986
An electrofacies is a set of log responses which
characterizes a rock type and permits it to be
Permits it tobe distinguished from the other
Facies Turbidite
 Depositional
Environment
The sediment source,
physical processes and
environment of deposition
affect the development of
sedimentary rocks. The
depositional environment
can be :
Shallow or deep water.
Marine (sea) and lake or
continental.
This environment
determines many of the
reservoir characteristics
Statistical Multi-Attribute Neural Network analysis
Well logging, also known as
borehole logging is the practice
of making a detailed record (a
well log) of the geologic
formations penetrated by a
borehole. The log may be based
either on visual inspection of
samples brought to the surface
(geological logs) or on physical
measurements made by
instruments lowered into the hole
(geophysical logs). Well logging
is done when drilling boreholes
for oil and gas, groundwater,
minerals, and for environmental
and geotechnical studies.
logging while drilling (LWD),
was introduced which provided
similar information about the
well. Instead of sensors being
lowered into the well at the end
of wireline cable, the sensors
are integrated into the drill
string and the measurements
are made while the well is
being drilled. While wireline
well logging occurs after the
drill string is removed from the
well, LWD measures
geological parameters while
the well is being drilled
Directional drilling (or slant
drilling) is the practice of
drilling non-vertical wells. It
can be broken down into
three main groups: Oilfield
Directional Drilling, Utility
Installation Directional
Drilling ( or H.D.D.,
Horizontal Directional
Drilling, Directional boring)
and in-seam directional
drilling (Coal-Bed methane).
Measuring the inclination of
a wellbore (its deviation
from the vertical) is
comparatively simple,
requiring only a pendulum.
Measuring the azimuth
(direction with respect to the
geographic grid in which the
wellbore is running from the
vertical), however, was more
difficult.
Typically the wireline tools are cylindrical in
shape, usually from 1.5 to 5 inches in
diameter. There are three types of wireline
tools:
1. With sensors without excitation
There are units to measure spontaneous
potential (SP), which is a voltage
difference between a surface electrode
and another electrode located in the
downhole instrument, other instruments
that measure the natural radiation from
natural isotopes of potassium, thorium,
etc., to measure pressure and
temperature, etc.
2. With sources of excitation and sensors
There are sensor systems consistent of
a source of excitation and a sensor. In
this type we find acoustic (also called
sonic), electric, inductive, magnetic
resonance, sensing systems, just to
name a few.
3. Instruments that produce some mechanical
work, or retrieve a sample of fluid or rock to
the surface.
Devices to collect samples of rock,
samples of fluid extracted from the rock,
and some other mechanical devices.
The prime target is the
measurement of various
geophysical properties of
the subsurface rock
formations. Of particular
interest are porosity,
permeability, and fluid
content. The record of the
measurements, typically a
long strip of paper, is also
called a log. Measurements
include electrical properties
(resistivity at various
frequencies), sonic
properties, active and
passive nuclear
measurements, dimensional
measurements of the
wellbore, formation fluid
sampling, formation
pressure measurement,
wireline-conveyed sidewall
coring tools, and others
Invasion Profile
The hydrocarbon effect is a
function of depth of invasion,
tools depth of investigation
and amount of hydrocarbon
within flushed and
undisturbed zones
Must be handled correctly to
accurately determine lithology
and porosity
Depth of invasion increases
with decreases in porosity
How is the invaded zone
around the wellbore
described, how is it
measured?
Sequence Stratigraphy
 Sequence stratigraphy
High-resolution sequence stratigraphybuild multi-cycles by integrating cores and
logging data to determine the position of the turn-point and flooding surfaces

Logging and cores

for short-term
cycles
The thickness of the cross-bedded lamination

Facies succession Preserved elements

Logging
for medium-term
cycles

seismic profile Symmetry of base-level cycle Styles of deposition

for long-term
cycles
Cross,
onlap geometry
1995
 Characteristics
of sedimentary micro-facies
.6 .1
NPHI 0 MSF 100
50 CGR 300 lithology
0
POR
30 0.1
PERM
1000
1.7
160
RHOB
DTL
2.7
50 .1
.1 LLM 100
LLD 100
Regression
5210 distributary
5220 channel
.6 NPHI MSF 100
0 .1
50 CGR 300 lithology POR PERM 1.7 RHOB 2.7 .1 LLM 100
30 0.1 1000
160 DTL .1 LLD
50 100
5320

Aggradation
distributary
5330

channel
5340

5350

Progression
.6 NPHI 0 .1 MSF 100
CGR POR PERM 1.7 RHOB 2.7 .1 LLM 100
50 0 30 0.1 1000
300

distributary
50 .1 .1 LLD 100
5350 160 DTL

5360
channel
5370
 Characteristics
of sedimentary micro-facies
.6 NPHI 0 .1 MSF 100
50 CGR 300 facies lithology
Sw DENRHOB
1.7 2.7 .1 LLM 100

5180
100
1.7 160 DTL 50 .1 LLD 100
Swamp
swamp
5190

5200

.6 NPHI 0 .1 MSF 100

50 GR 300 facies lithology DEN POR 1.7 RHOB 2.7 .1 LLM 100
1.7 2.7 0 30 160 DTL 50 .1 LLD 100
4910

4920
Distributary
plain
4930

4940
Distributary
plain

4950

4960

4970
 Characteristics
of sedimentary micro-facies
.6 CNL 0 .1 MSF 100
40 GR 240 facies lithology POR PERM 1.7 LDL 2.7 .1 LLM 100
0 30 0.1 1000 160 LSS 50 .1 LLD 100
5720
crevasse
splay
Crevasse splay
5730

.6 NPHI 0 .1 MSF 100

50 GR 300 facies lithology POR PERM 1.7 RHOB 2.7 .1 LLM 100
0 30 0.1 1000 160 DTL 50 .1 LLD 100
4890

4900
inter-
distributary
fill
Inter-distributary fill
4910

Logging show that more trunk-shaped fluvials or distributary channels are found
at the base of the LTAF and more coarsen-up splays or bars are recognized at
the top of the LTAF, which show a regression cycle with more marine
influences on the top.
 Main sedimentary structure and
characters

PIC1 PIC2 PIC3 PIC4 PIC5 PIC6 PIC7

Related to distributary channel on delta plain

PIC1: bedding on the top of the distributary channel
PIC2: blocky oil-invaded sandstone with pebbles
PIC3: the scour surface on the base of blocky medium-coarse
sandstones
PIC4: cross-bedding sandstones with pebbles in
PIC5: blocky pebbly sandstones
PIC6: bedding in fine-coarse sandstones
PIC7: cross-bedding in fine sandstones
 Main sedimentary structure and
characters

PIC8 PIC9 PIC10 PIC11 PIC12 PIC13

Related with inter-distributary channel

PIC8: wave-like cross bedding in siltstone-fine sandstones
PIC9: bioturbated structures in silt-fine sandstones

Related with bay

PIC10: grey claystone with coal under it
PIC11: brown-red claystone changes to grey claystones
PIC12: silt sandstone belt in greenish grey claystones
PIC13: coal
REGIONAL SETTING SUMATERA SELATAN
REGIONAL SETTING SUMATERA SELATAN
REGIONAL SETTING SUMATERA SELATAN
PETA FACIES LAPISAN X
Peta Porositas struktur A
 Grafik Hubungan antara Porositas Vs Permeabilitas
Berdasarkan Core

1000
y = 0,000297276e 56,46970252x

100
Perm, mD

10

0,1
0 0,05 0,1 0,15 0,2 0,25 0,3

Por, Fraction
Peta Permeabilitas struktur A
RESERVOIR SIMULATION GRID