Corrosion Resistance

Corrosion Resistance
refers tohow well a substance can withstand damage caused by
oxidization or other chemical reactions.

is the property of a metal, or in general a material, to resist a

corrosion attack in a particular environment at defined operating
conditions, pressure, temperature and fluid velocity.

The resistance to corrosion of a metal can be increased by means

ofcorrosion control methodslikecathodic protection, coating and
painting orcorrosion inhibitor.
Classification of Corrosion:
1. Uniform corrosion
2. Galvanic corrosion
3. Pitting
4. Intergranular corrosion
5. Stress corrosion
6. Erosion corrosion
7. Corrosion fatigue
8. High temperature oxidation.
9. Hydrogen embrittlement
Uniform Corrosion (General Corrosion)
This term describes the more or less uniform wastage of material
by corrosion, with no pitting or other forms of local attack
defined as a type of corrosion attack (deterioration) that is more
or less uniformly distributed over the entire exposed surface of a
metal
 If the corrosion of a material can be considered to be uniform, the
life of the material in service can be predicted from
experimentally
determined corrosion rates.
How to prevent uniform
corrosion?
Use thicker materials for corrosion allowance
Use paints or metalliccoatingssuch as plating, galvanizing or
anodizing
Use Corrosioninhibitorsor modifying the environment
Cathodic protection and Anodic protection
Galvanic Corrosion
defined as the acceleratedcorrosionof a metal because of an
electrical contact (including physical contact) with a more noble
metal or non-metallic conductor (the cathode) in a corrosive
electrolyte.
How to prevent galvanic corrosion?

Select metals/alloys as close together as possible in the galvanic

series.
Avoid unfavorable area effect of a small anode and large
cathode.
Insulate dissimilar metals wherever practical
Apply coatings with caution. Paint the cathode (or both) and keep
the coatings in good repair on the anode.
Avoid threaded joints for materials far apart in the galvanic
series.
Pitting Corrosion
Pitting corrosion is the localized corrosionof a metal surface
confined to a point or small area, that takes the form of cavities.
Pitting corrosion is one of the most damaging forms of corrosion
If a material is liable to pitting, penetration can occur
prematurely and corrosion rate data are not a reliable guide to
the equipment life.
How to prevent Pitting?
Proper selection ofmaterial with known resistance to the service
environment
Control pH, chloride concentration and temperature
Cathodic protection and/or Anodic Protection
Use higher alloys (ASTM G48) for increased resistance to pitting
corrosion
Intergranular Corrosion
Sometimes also called "intercrystalline corrosion" or
"interdendritic corrosion"
Intergranular corrosion is the preferential corrosion of material at
the grain (crystal) boundaries.
Though the loss of material will be small, intergranular corrosion
can cause the catastrophic failure of equipment.
Intergranular corrosion is a common form of attack on alloys but
occurs rarely with pure metals.
How to prevent intergranular corrosion?

Use lowcarbon(e.g. 304L, 316L) grade of stainless steels

Use stabilized grades alloyed with titanium (for example type
321) or niobium (for example type 347). Titanium and niobium
are strong carbide- formers. They react with the carbon to form
the corresponding carbides thereby preventing chromium
depletion.
Use post-weld heat treatment