PARTING

SURFACE
 Introduction
The parting surface of a mould are those
portions of both mould plates adjacent to the
impression which butt together to form a seal
and prevent the loss of plastic material from the
impression.
Parting surfaces are classified as flat and non-
flat.
The non-flat parting surfaces include stepped,
profiled, and angled surfaces.
If the parting surfaces are not properly
matched, the moulding material from the
impression will escape through the gap. This
escaped melt is called the flash.
Types of Parting surfaces
Flat parting surface
Profiled parting surface
Angled parting surface
Complex edge form
Local stepped or profiled
parting surface
 Flat parting surface

Straight Stepped Angular

 Flat parting surface
The nature of parting surface depends
entirely on the shape of the component.
Parting line surface must be so chosen that
the moulding can be ejected out from the
mould.
Consider the moulding shown in figure below.
The cavity for this part can be cut in to one
mould plate. The position of the parting
surface will therefore be at the top of the
moulding. Parting surface itself being
perfectly flat. For appearance, this is the ideal
one as the parting line is not noticeable
unless flash develops.
Flat parting surface
 Flat parting surface
Consider the component in figure given
below. In this, the parting line cannot be
at top, as this will create an undercut.
The only suitable choice for the parting
line is on the centre of the double bevel
which allows for half of the required form
to cut in to each of the two mould halves.
So parting surface must be chosen so
that the moulding can be removed from
the mould without any damage.
Flat parting surface
 Profiled parting surface
An example is shown in the figure below.
The component is given left side. It will
be noted that while in cross-section, the
component form is constant, the general
form incorporate curves.
As the edge of the component is square
with the face, the entire form can be cut
into one mould plate. Thus the general
form of the parting surface will follow the
inside surface of the moulding.
Profiled parting surface
 Angled parting surface
The designer is frequently get problem
with a component which, while fairly
regular in form, cannot be ejected from
the mould if a flat parting surface is
adopted.
By adopting angled parting surface, all
parts of the component are in line of
draw and it can be ejected.
Angled parting surface
 Complex edge form
This is implemented when the edge form is
not constant. This leads to quite complex
parting surfaces.
An example is given below. To determine the
parting line all we do is draw a number of
cross-sections through the brush stock and
decide upon the maximum dimension of each
when viewed in the draw direction.
Parting line will pass round all these points of
maximum dimension. Once the parting line
has been determined, the mouldings parting
surface can be drawn.
Complex edge form
Complex edge form

Complex edge form

Local stepped or profiled parting
surface
It is frequently necessary to incorporate
a stepped or profiled surface to cater
for one or two small irregularities in
an otherwise regular form.
Normally this is best achieved by
localizing the change in parting
surface to permit the major portion of
the surface to be kept flat.
Local stepped or profiled parting
surface
 Balancing Of Mould Surfaces
When the parting surface is not flat, there is problem of
unbalanced forces acting in certain instances. This is
illustrated in the figure. The figure shows a stepped
parting surface. The plastic material when under
pressure within the impression will exert a force which
will tend to open the mould in the lateral direction. If this
happens, some flash occurs on the angled surface.
The movement between the two mould halves will be
resisted by the guide pillars, but even so, because of the
large forces involved, it is desirable to balance the mould
by reversing the step so that parting surface continues
across the mould as a mirror image of the section which
includes the impression.
It is often convenient to specify an even number of
impression which can be positioned on opposite sides.
Balancing Of Mould Surfaces
 Relief on parting surfaces
Bedding down a parting surface over the entire surface
is not practicable because it would be extreme
expensive and would also effect the efficient
functioning of the mould. Effect of injection pressure
and locking force with respect to the area of contact
between the two surfaces are given below.

P=F/A
where P = theoretical injection pressure ( Ib./inch)
F = the applied force ( lb. )
A = the area of the injection ram (inch).
The actual pressure exerted with in the
impression will be considerably less than the
theoretical value for the following reason.
The melt is non-Newtonian
The viscosity of the melt progressively
increases as it passes through the mould
due to cooling.
The actual pressure within the impression
depends on the length of the flow path.
That is sprue, runner etc.
 Relief on parting surfaces

Land
 Relief on parting surfaces
In practice, 25% to 45% of the value is used. The
effective injection pressure is transmitted to the
projected area of the impression, the runners and
the gates produces a force which tends to open the
mould. This tendency to open is registered by a
locking force. The clamping force should exceed the
opening force to safeguard against very high
opening force developed due to flash, the parting
surface adjacent to the impression and runner is
bedded down. The surrounding surfaces are
relieved. This small area adjacent to the impression
and the runner is termed as land.
The corners of the mould are left high in order to
withstand the large clamping forces.
 Air Venting
When plastic material enters the impression,
air is displaced. Normally the air can escape
between the two mould plates.
But if the plates are matched perfectly, the air
may be trapped with in the impression
resulting in discolouration, sinks, incomplete
filling etc.
Vents are provided in the mould to allow such
air to escape freely.
The vent is a shallow slot not more than 0.05
mm deep and 3mm wide. If the depth is
more, the plastic material can pass through
the slot and leave a flash mark.
 Air vents are required
At the point furthermost from the gate on
symmetrical moulding.
At the point where flow paths are likely to
meet and
At the bottom of a projection.
In the third case, it is necessary to provide the
vent through the bottom of the mould plate.
This is achieved by incorporating an ejector
pin often called vent pin in the required
position. The air escapes through the minute
gap between ejector pin and mold plate hole.
 Venting
The moulding; i.e. a very fluid material, such as
nylon, win transmit a higher pressure than the
more viscous melts.
This effective injection pressure is transmitted to
the projected area of the impressions, the
runners and the gates (the latter being neglected
for calculation purposes), and produces a force
which tends to open the mould.
This tendency to open is resisted by a locking or
clamping force. It is generally desirable that the
clamping force exceeds the opening force by at
least 15%.
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YOU