ALPHA BREATHING

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 5 mins
Prerequisite Knowledge:

1. What is meant by Fluid?

2. Types of Fluid

3. Types of Hydraulic Fluid.

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 CONTENT LIST

INTRODUCTION OF FLUID POWER,

ADVANTAGES, APPLICATION

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General Objective:
2 mins
To study and understand about Fluid power.

Specific Objectives:
The students will be able to 35-40 mins

1. Recall the fluid Introduction (E)

2. Understand the Function of Fluid power.(E)
3. understand the Advantages of fluid power. (E)
4. Executing the application of fluid power(T)
5. Classifying the types of Fluid power system.(E)

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 Introduction-Fluid

Fluid technology fluid energy to useful work

Fluid liquid/gas
Oil hydraulics stands out as the prime moving force in machinery and
equipment designed to handle medium to heavy load.
Operating capacity
H-200 to 300 bar
P- 7 to 10 bar

Most important advantages of transmitting power is:

Ability to multiply force and its flexibility to change direction
quickly without damage to the system.

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 Fluid power is divided into two areas:
1. Hydraulics
2.Pneumatics

Hydraulics is the transmission of power through a liquid

,most commonly petroleum based oil.

Pneumatics is the use of gas (air).

The fundamental difference between air and oil is that air is

compressible, while oil is relatively incompressible

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 Fluid power

Fluid power is the technology that deals with the generation,

control, and transmission of power using pressurized fluid.

This force and motion may be in the form of pushing, pulling,

rotating, regulating, or driving.

For example
1.Automobile brakes
2.Launches spacecraft,
3.Drives machine tools
4.Controls airplanes

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 History
Chinese used wooden valves to control water
flow through bamboo pipes in 4000 BC.

Fluid power technology actually began in 1650

with the discovery of Pascals law

In 1795 that Joseph Brahmah invented the cup

packing that led to the development of a
workable hydraulic press

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 In 1750, Bernoulli developed his law of
conservation of energy for a fluid flowing in a
pipeline

The first use of a large hydraulic press for

foregoing work was made in 1860 by Whitworth

In 1872, Rigg patented a three-cylinder hydraulic

engine in which provision was made to change
the stroke of plungers to vary its displacement

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 In 1873, the Brotherhood three-cylinder,
constant- stroke hydraulic engine was patented
and was widely used for cranes, winches, etc

In 1926, the United States developed the first

unitized, packaged hydraulic system

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 Components of a hydraulic system

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 Components of a pneumatic system

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 Advantages
Fluid power systems are simple, easy to
operate and can be controlled accurately

Multiplication and variation of forces

Multifunction control:

Low-speed torque

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 Fluid power systems can be used where
safety is of vital importance

Constant force or torque

Economical:

Low weight to power ratio

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 Applications of fluid power systems

Agriculture
Tractors and farm equipments like ploughs
etc.

Building industry
For mixing of concrete from hopper.

Fabrication industry
Hand tool like pneumatic drills.

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Glass Industry
Vacuum suction cups for handling.
Material Handling
Jacks, conveyor system.
Robots
Pneumatics gripper
Vehicle
Power steering,Power brakes,hydraulic/air-oil suspension
system.

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 Applications

Industrial Robot Aerospace

Aerospace Press tools All materials
processing
Automation Textiles industries
Agriculture Environmental
Defense Pollution
Food Processing Preventions
Foundry Automobiles
Manufacturing Aircraft
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 Types of Fluid Power System

Based on Control system

Open-loop
Closed loop
Based on Type of Control
Fluid logic Control
Electrical Control
Electronic Control
Based on Fluid
Hydraulic
Pneumatic
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 Based on Control system
Open-loop system
There is no feedback system.
The open loop system is not so accurate.

Control
Input output
element

Closed loop system

This system uses feedback . The output of the system is
feedback by a measuring of comparator.
Control
Comparator amplifier
element

Measuring
element
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 Based on types of control
Fluid logic control
This system employs fluid logic devices such as
AND/NAND/,OR/NOR etc.

Electrical control
This type of system is controlled by electrical
devices such as switches, relays, timers and
solenoids.

Electronic control
This system is most advanced type type of
electronic hardware like PLC
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 Functions of Hydraulic fluids

Power transmission

Lubrication

Sealing

Cooling

Contaminant removal

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 Required Properties
Ideal viscosity.
Good lubrication capability.
Demulsibility.
Good chemical and environmental
stability.
Incompressibility.
Fire resistance.

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 Low flammability.
Low volatility.
Good heat dissipation.
Low density.
System compatibility.

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 Viscosity Range

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 Lubrication capability

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Demulsibility
The ability of a hydraulic fluid to separate
rapidly from moisture

Good Chemical and Environmental

Stability (Oxidation and Corrosion
Resistance

Neutralization Numbers
measure of the acidity or alkalinity of
hydraulic oil
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Incompressibility
0.7% volume reduction for every 100 bar
rise in pressure

Fire Resistance
fire-resisting fluid is one that can be ignited
but does not support combustion when the
ignition source is removed

Low Volatility - A fluid should possess high

boiling point
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 Factors Influencing the Selection of a Fluid

The selection of a hydraulic fluid for a given system is governed

by the following factors:

1.Operating pressure of the system.

2. Operating temperature of the system and its variation.

3. Material of the system and its compatibility with oil used.

4. Speed of operation.

5. Availability of replacement fluid.

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 6.Cost of transmission lines.

7. Contamination possibilities.

8. Environmental condition (fire proneness, extreme

atmosphere like mining, etc.).

9. Lubricity.

10. Safety to operator.

11. Expected service life

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 Pump
Heart

Partial vacuum is created at the inlet

Atmospheric pressure

pushes the fluid mechanically

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 Classifications
1. Classification based on displacement:
Non-positive displacement pumps (hydrodynamic pumps).
Positive displacement pumps (hydrostatic pumps).

2. Classification based on delivery:

Constant delivery pumps.
Variable delivery pumps.

3. Classification based on motion:

Rotary pump.
Reciprocating pump

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 DISCUSSION 10 mins

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 DRAW MINDMAP
6-7 mins

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 12.SUMMARY
3 mins

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 Assessment

Assessment through Stimulating

questions/Analogy/New ideas
and Concepts:

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References:
(Books/Periodicals/Journals)
R.Srinivasan hydraulic & pneumatic controls
2007
Anthony Esposito, Fluid Power with Applications,
Pearson Education New Delhi, 2006.

Illangov Soundarrajan, Introduction to Hydraulics

and Pneumatics, Prentice hall of India, 2007.

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Thank You

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