Objective

To minimize the line loss in loop distribution system by

reconfiguring the network and by eliminating the loop
currents with the use of Unified Power Flow Controller (UPFC)
technology.
 Introduction
Electrical Energy supplies are considered as one of the main contributors in
global warming since they emit carbon dioxide .

Distribution systems are remodeled to minimize the line losses and by

achieving energy savings, to minimize the environmental effects .

Reconfiguration of radial systems into loop(ring) systems will achieve the

merits of line loss reduction and to enhance the load voltage profile along the
feeders.

With the idea of FACTS devices like UPFC, voltage profile and reactive power
compensation can be effectively handled to minimize the losses in loop
systems.
Loop system types

1.Isolated substations loop

This system results from reconfiguring two radial feeders
fed from different substations to perform one loop.

2.Multiple loop system

This system results from reconfiguring more than two
radial feeders fed from same substation to perform at least two
adjacent loops.
Fig: Reconfiguring of radial feeder in to loops
Mathematical models

Fig: Model of the isolated substations loop distribution system

Fig: Multiple loop distribution system
 Unified Power Flow Controller(UPFC)

It is used to solve many of the problems facing power delivery industry

It controls all the parameters affecting power flow in the distribution
system
It is a combination of two back to back connected converters
Series converter is used to inject voltage in to line
Shunt converter is used to supply or absorb real power demanded by
series converter
Analysis of UPFC

Fig: Implementation of UPFC by two back to back connected voltage source converters
Series converter

SSSC(static synchronous series compensator)

It acts as controllable voltage source

Series converter exchanges both active and reactive power

It improve power transfer capability

Controlling of Thyristors
Shunt converter
STATCOM(static synchronous shunt compensator)

It acts as controllable current source

It can improve stability margin

Controlling of Thyristors
Multiple loop distribution system
Multiple loop system parameters
Transmission capacity 6 kVA
Substation voltage (V1, V2) 200 V, 60 HZ
Load RL1, RL2, RL3 20 ,60 ,60
Line L1a, R1a 3.0 mH, 0.75
Line L1b, L2b 3.0 mH, 0.75
Line L2, L3 6.0 mH, 1.5
Line L3, R3 6.0 mH, 1.5
Transformer ratio 1:n 1:1.7 (send:receive)
Control period, Ts 204 s
Line currents and voltage
Loop current 1

Loop current 2
Isolated loop distribution system
Isolated loop system parameters
Line L1, R2 4.0 mH, 0.94
Line L2, R2 4.0 mH, 0.91 18
Control period Ts 102 s
Transmission capacity 6kVA
Substation voltage (V1, V2) 200 V, 60 HZ
Substation voltage phase 10
difference
Load RL1, RL2 10 ,30
Line currents and voltage
Loop currents
Conclusion
From the above discussion, it is observed that the loop currents are
minimized by controlling UPFC along the feeders. Minimizing loop currents
results in decrease of power loss in feeders, thus achieved the line loss
minimization condition.
Future scope
In this present work, the effectiveness of UPFC is tested on standard bus
system, in future it is possible to implement on practical power system
networks.

It is possible to check the effectiveness of other FACTS devices for line loss
minimization.
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