BASIC CONSTRUCTION OF AIRCRAFT

PRESENTED BY:
NAVANITHEESHWARAN M S
ROLL NO: 1028001
 BASIC PARTS OF AN AIRCRAFT
The airframe of a fixed-wing aircraft consists
of the following five major units:
1. Fuselage
2. Wings
3. Stabilizers
4. Flight controls surfaces
5. Landing gear
STRUCTURAL STRESS
SPECIFIC ACTION OF STRESSS IN AN
AIRCRAFT

TORSIONAL STRESS
 CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS
METALLIC MATERIALS
Aluminum, magnesium, titanium, steel, and
their alloys.
NON METALLIC MATERIALS
Transparent plastics, reinforced plastics,
composite and carbon-fiber materials.
PRINCIPAL STRUCTURAL UNITS OF A F-14
AIRCRAFT
 FUSELAGE
The fuselage is the main structure, or body, of
the aircraft. It provides space for personnel,
cargo, controls, and most of the accessories.
The power plant, wings, stabilizers, and
landing gear are attached to it.
There are generally two types of fuselages:
Monocoque and
Welded steel truss.
 Monocoque fuselages can be further
categorized as :
Truly Monocoque
Semi-Monocoque and
Reinforced shell.
TRUSS TYPE AND TRULY MONOCOQUE
FUSELAGES
SEMIMONOCOQUE FUSELAGE
REINFORCED SHELL FUSELAGE
 ADVANTAGES IN USING
SEMIMONOCOQUE FUSELAGES
The bulkhead, frames, stringers, and
longerons aid in the design and construction
of a streamlined fuselage. They add to the
strength and rigidity of the structure.
It depends on many structural members for
strength and rigidity. Because of its stressed
skin construction, a semimonocoque fuselage
can withstand damage and still be strong
enough to hold together.
 WINGS
Wings develop the major portion of the lift of
a heavier-than-air aircraft. Wing structures
carry some of the heavier loads found in the
aircraft structure.
Wing construction is similar in most modern
aircraft. In its simplest form, the wing is a
framework made up of spars and ribs and
covered with metal.
TWO SPAR WING CONSTRUCTION
 FLIGHT CONTROL SURFACES
Flight control surfaces are hinged (movable)
aerofoils designed to change the attitude of
the aircraft during flight.
These surfaces are divided into three groups
Primary (AILERONS, ELEVATORS, RUDDER)
Secondary (TRIM TABS, SPRING TABS)
Auxiliary (WING FLAPS, SLATS, SPOILERS, SPEED
BRAKES)
PRIMARY CONTROL SURFACES
SECONDARY CONTROL SURFACES
AUXILIARY CONTROL SURFACES
 LANDING GEAR
TRICYCLE LANDING GEAR
The tricycle gear has the following advantages
over older landing gear:
More stable in motion on the ground
Maintains the fuselage in a level position
Increases the pilot's visibility and control
Makes landing easier, especially in cross
winds
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