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Geometric Design of Highway

Facilities

Chapter 15 Part 1
Roadway Design
15FCVE211
Summer 2017
Dr Taha Ahmed
Factors influencing highway design
Design crest or sag vertical curve alignments
Design simple, compound, and reverse
horizontal curves
Calculate transition spiral curve and super
elevation runoff lengths
Stopping distance for curve radius
Geometric design principles to climbing lanes,
emergency ramps, parking lots, and bicycle
facilities
Factors Influencing Highway Design
Functional classification
Design hourly traffic volume and vehicles mix
Design speed
Design vehicle
Cross section of the highways
Presence of heavy vehicles on steep grades
Topography of area
Level of service
available funds
Safety
Social and environmental factors
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Highway Functional Classification

Highways are classified in terms of their


service
Principal arterials
Minor arterials
Major collectors
Minor collectors
Local roads and streets
Functional System of Urban Roads

Comprises of highway
facilities within urban
areas with
communities at least
5000 people
Urban Functional Classification
Urban Principal Arterial System
Serves the major activity and consists of highest-traffic-volume corridors
Urban Minor Arterial Street System
Streets and highways used to interconnect and augment the urban
primary arterials
Urban Collector Street System
Is to collect traffic from local streets in residential areas and convey to the
arterial system
Urban Local Street System
System consist of all other streets
Rural Functional Classification
Rural Principal Arterial System
Consists of a network of highways that serves most interstate trips
Rural Minor Arterial Street System
Used to augment the principal arterial with formation of interconnecting
networks
Rural Collector Street System
Primarily carries traffic within individual counties
Major collector roads: routes between county seats
Minor collector roads: traffic from local roads to other facilities

Rural Local Street System


All other network systems
Highway Design Standards

First step: Selection of the appropriate set of


geometric design standards
No single set of geometric standards can be used for
all highways
Characteristics of the highway is used to help
determine geometric design standards
AASHTO, ASTM, Kuwaiti Manuals
Design Hourly Volume (DHV)
The projected
hourly volume of
traffic and is
taken as a
percentage of
expected ADT on
highway
Design Speed
A selected speed to determine the various
geometric features of the roadway.
Depends on the functional classification,
topography, traffic volume, and the land use
Design Vehicle
Selected to
represent all
vehicles on
the highway
Weight,
dimensions, and
operating
characteristics

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Cross-Section Elements
Consists
of travel
lanes,
shoulders
, and
medians
Cross-Section Elements

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Cross-Section Elements

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Design of the Alignment
Alignment consists of:
Vertical: Consists of straight sections known as grades
connected by vertical curves.
Length of Crest Vertical Curves
Length of Sag Vertical Curves
Horizontal: Consists of straight sections (also known
as tangents) on the road connected by curves
Simple Curves
Reverse Curves
Transition Curves

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Types of Vertical Curves

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Length of Crest Vertical Curves
Provision of a
minimum
stopping
sight distance
is the only
criterion.

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Length of Crest Vertical Curves
A = G 1 G2

H1, Height of the eye is 1.1 m


H2, Height of the object is 0.6 m

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Length of Crest Vertical Curves

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Length of Crest Vertical Curves

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Length of Crest Vertical Curves

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Length of Crest Vertical Curves

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Length of Sag Vertical Curves
Selection is
controlled by
SSD of
headlight
Comfort
General
appearance
Adequate
control of
drainage

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Length of Sag Vertical Curves

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Length of Sag Vertical Curves

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Length of Sag Vertical Curves

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Length of Sag Vertical Curves

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