3 OMF007001 GSM Frequency Planning ISSUE2.0

GSM Frequency
Planning
www.huawei.com
Copyright 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Contents
1. Frequency Planning Basic
2. Normal Frequency Reuse
3. Tight Frequency Reuse
4. Concentric Cell Technology
5. Multiple Reuse Pattern Technology
6. Frequency Hopping
Copyright 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page2
Contents
1.1 Frequency Resource of GSM System
1.2 Concept of Frequency Reuse
1.3 Reuse Density
1.4 C/I Ratio
Frequency Resource of GSM System
890 915 935 960

P-GSM 900 :
Duplex distance : 45 MHz
1710 1785 1805 1880

DCS 1800 :
Duplex distance : 95 MHz
Frequency Resource of GSM System
Frequency Range Uplink Downlink
ARFCN
Spectrum (MHz) Frequency Value Frequency Value
890~915
P-GSM900 Fu(n)=890+0.2n 1n 124 Fd(n)=Fu(n)+45
935~960
880~915 Fu(n)=890+0.2n 0 n 124

E-GSM900 Fd(n)=Fu(n)+45
925~960 Fu(n)=890+0.2(n-1024) 975 n 1023
876~915 Fu(n)=890+0.2n 0 n 124

R-GSM900 Fd(n)=Fu(n)+45
921~960 Fu(n)=890+0.2(n-1024) 955 n 1023
1710~1785
DCS1800 Fu(n)=1710.2+0.2(n-512) 512 n 885 Fd(n)=Fu(n)+95
1805~1880
1850~1910
PCS1900 Fu(n)=1850.2+0.2(n-512) 512 n 810 Fd(n)=Fu(n)+80
1930~1990
Concept of Frequency Reuse
Macro-cell system {fi,fj..fk}
d
Micro-cell system
{fi,fj..fk} .. {fi,fj..fk} .. {fi,fj..fk}
Example of Frequency Reuse
Frequency resource is limited. If there is 8MHz frequency
resource, 8 MHz = 40 channels 8 timeslots = 320
Max. 320 users can access the network at the same time.
If every frequency is reused N times

Max. 320N uses can access the network at the same time.
Reuse Density
The spectrum utilization ratio can be expressed by frequency
reuse density (freuse), which reveals the tightness of the frequency
reuse and can be expressed by the following equation
N ARFCN
f reuse
N TRX
NARFCN is the total number of the available channel numbers,
NTRX is the number of TRXs configured for the cell.
Reuse Density
Reuse density is the number of cells in a basic reuse cluster.
For the n x m frequency reuse pattern,

f reuse n m
n: The number of BTSs in the reuse clusters
m: The number of the cells under each BTS.
Tighter reuse Looser reuse

0 12 20
Higher frequency reuse efficiency, Little interference,

but interference is serious. but frequency reuse efficiency is low.
More technique is needed.
43 Frequency Reuse
C1 C2
A1
A2 C3
C1 D1
C2 D2
A3
A1 A2
B1
B2
C1 C2
C3 D3
D1 A1
A3 D2 A2
B1 B3 C3
C1 D1 D2
B2 D3 C2 A3
A1 B1
B3 A2 B2
C1 C2 C3 D1 D3
A3 D2 B3
A1 A2 B1
C3 B2
D1 D3
D2 C1 C2
A3 B3 A1
B1 B2
D3 A2 C3 D1
B3 D2
A3 B1
B2 D3
B3
Relationship between Reuse Density and D
D: Reuse distance between the

same frequency
R: The cell radius
q: Co-channel interference
attenuation factor
N: The number of BTS in one

frequency reuse cluster
Requirement for C/I Ratio
All useful signals Carrier

C/I = All useless signals = Interference
Useful signal Noise from environment
Other signals
Requirement for C/I Ratio
C/I in Actual Project

Interference C/I
(3 dB margin is needed )
Co-channel 9dB 12dB
Adjacent-channel - 9dB - 6dB
Carrier offset reaches 400 KHz - 41dB
Relationship between C/I and N
C C 1 1

k k
6q r
I (q
I
k k ) r
i 1 i 1

C q r ( 3N ) r

I 6 6
Ik is the Kth interfering signal.
qk is the co-frequency interference

attenuation factor of the Kth co-frequency
interference cell.
r is the path loss slope according to actual geographical environment. In
moving environment, it ranges from 3 to 5. Generally, it is 4.
Contents
Example of 4 x 3 Frequency Reuse
The available bandwidth is 10MHz. The channel number is 45~94
BCCH 81~94 (14 channel numbers in total, 81~82 are reserved)
The other channel numbers are allocated to TCH

Frequency group
A1 B1 C1 D1 A2 B2 C2 D2 A3 B3 C3 D3
number
94 93 92 91 90 89 88 87 86 85 84 83
Channel Number 80 79 78 77 76 75 74 73 72 71 70 69
of Each
Frequency Group 68 67 66 65 64 63 62 61 60 59 58 57
56 55 54 53 52 51 50 49 48 47 46 45
So the maximum base station configuration is S4/4/4, and the frequency

reuse density is 12.5 (50/4 = 12.5)
BCCH 79~94 (16 channel numbers in total,79~82 are reserved)
Frequency group
A1 B1 C1 D1 A2 B2 C2 D2 A3 B3 C3 D3
number
94 93 92 91 90 89 88 87 86 85 84 83
78 77 76 75 74 73 72 71 70 69 68 67
66 65 64 63 62 61 60 59 58 57 56 55
Channel number 54 53 52 51 50 49 48 47 46 45 44 43
of each
42 41 40 39 38 37 36 35 34 33 32 31
frequency group
30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19
18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7
6 5 4 3 2 1
So the maximum base station configuration is S8/7/7, and the frequency

reuse density are 11.75/13.43/13.43, so the average value is 12.87
BCCH 111~124 (14 channel numbers in total,111~112 are reserved)
Frequency
group A1 B1 C1 D1 A2 B2 C2 D2 A3 B3 C3 D3
number
124 123 122 121 120 119 118 117 116 115 114 113
Channel
number of
110 109 108 107 106 105 104 103 102 101 100 99
each
frequency
group 98 97 96
So the maximum base station configuration is S3/2/2 , and the

frequency reuse density are 9.67/13.5/13.5 , so the average value is 12.22
4 x 3 Frequency Reuse Conclusion
The 4 x 3 frequency reuse pattern is a basic technology applied in frequency planning
Which must be applied to the BCCH in frequency aggressive reuse technologies.
If the network capacity needs to be further expanded, the following measures can be
taken:
Split a cell into smaller cells.
Utilize new frequency resources. For example, you can establish a DSC 1800MHz
network.
Under the current 900MHz network, use more tight frequency reuse technology to
expand the network capacity.
At present, the tight frequency reuse technology works as the most economical and
convenient way to expand the network capacity, so it is also the most popular with
carriers.
The typical frequency reuse technology includes 3 x 3, 2 x 6, 2 x 3, 1 x 3, and 1 x 1.
Contents
Contents
3.1 33 Frequency Reuse Pattern
3 x 3 Frequency Reuse Pattern
C1
C2
A1 C1
A2 C2
C3 A1
A3 A2
B1 C3
B2
C1 A3
C2 B1 B2
A1 B3
A2 C1
C3 C2 B3
A1
A3 A2
B1 C3
B2
A3
B1 B2
B3
B3
If the available bandwidth is 10MHz ,the channel numbers are 45~94
For BCCH carriers, channel numbers is 81~94, frequency reuse pattern is 43
For TCH carriers, channel numbers is 45~80, frequency reuse pattern is 33
Frequenc
y group A1 B1 C1 A2 B2 C2 A3 B3 C3
number
94 93 92 91 90 89 88 87 86
Channel
80 79 78 77 76 75 74 73 72
number
of each 71 70 69 68 67 66 65 64 63
frequenc
62 61 60 59 58 57 56 55 54
y group
53 52 51 50 49 48 47 46 45
So the maximum base station type can be configured as S5/5/5 under 3 x 3

frequency reuse pattern, and the frequency reuse degree is 10. while the
maximum base station type can be configured only as S4/4/4 under 4 x 3
frequency reuse pattern
The characteristic of the 3 x 3
The characteristic of the 3 x 3 frequency reuse pattern are as follows:
The adjustment for network structure is unnecessary.
The frequencies can be easily grouped and the system capacity is great.
Compared with 4 x 3 frequency reuse pattern, 3 x 3 frequency reuse
pattern brings greater interference, but the overall interference can be
controlled to a lower level.
If frequency hopping is used, adequate bandwidth is needed.
Frequency
group A1 B1 A2 B2 A3 B3 A4 B4 A5 B5 A6 B6
number
Channel 94 93 92 91 90 89 88 87 86 85 84 83
number of 80 79 78 77 76 75 74 73 72 71 70 69
each
frequency 68 67 66 65 64 63 62 61 60 59 58 57
group 56 55 54 53 52 51 50 49 48 47 46 45
Compared with 4 x 3 frequency reuse pattern, the maximum base station type can
be configured as S4/4/4/4/4/4 under 2 x 6 frequency reuse pattern, so the capacity
of a single base station is twice that of the base station under the 4 x 3 frequency
reuse pattern
For the 2 x 6 frequency reuse pattern, its characteristics are listed in
the following:
Through add more cells to each base station, you can enhance the
capacity of the base station greatly.
The antennas with smaller half-power angle and good performance
are needed and the requirement on antenna and base station
address is strict.
The signals radiated by antennas are more concentrated, which is
good for indoor coverage.
The BSS system must support 6 sectors.
For the 2 x 6 frequency reuse pattern, its characteristics are listed in the
following:
More antennas are needed under the 2 x 6 frequency reuse pattern
than that under 4 x 3 frequency reuse pattern, so you must adjust and
optimize the planning for antenna system and frequencies.
The times of handovers under the 2 x 6 frequency reuse pattern are
more than that under the 4 x 3 frequency reuse pattern.
The intra-frequency reuse distance is small, so the interference within
the network is great. Therefore, you must take anti-frequency
measures, such as using DTX and frequency hopping.
A1
A2
A1
A3 A2
B1 B2
A3
B1 B2
B3
A1
A2
A1 B3
A2
A3
B1 B2
A3
B1 B2
B3
B3
Frequency group number A1 B1 A2 B2 A3 B3

94 93 92 91 90 89
80 79 78 77 76 75
74 73 72 71 70 69
Channel number of each
68 67 66 65 64 63
frequency group
62 61 60 59 58 57
56 55 54 53 52 51
50 49 48 47 46 45
If the bandwidth is 10MHz, you can configure the maximum base station type as
S7/7/7 under the 2 x 3 frequency reuse pattern. In this case, the frequency reuse
degree is 7.14
The Characteristic of the 2 x 3
The characteristics of the 2 x 3 frequency reuse pattern are listed below:
The network capacity is relatively great.
The adjustment for the network structure is unnecessary.
The network capacity can be expanded without wide frequency band.
Small intra-frequency reuse distance will cause great interference, so
you must take anti-interference measures to ensure network quality.
Radio frequency (RF) hopping technology must be used to support
the equipments.
The antennas must be directed to the same direction as much as
possible.
1 x 3 frequency reuse pattern is also called
fractional reuse.
For 1 x 3 or 1 x 1 frequency reuse pattern,
the reuse distance is quite small, so the A1
A2
interference in the network is quite great. A1
A2
Therefore, to avoid frequency collision, you A3
A1
A3 A2
must use RF hopping technology and set the A1
A2
parameters, including MA (mobile allocation), A3
HSN (hopping sequence number), and A3
MAIO (mobile allocation index offset). The
ratio of number of the TRXs to that of the
available frequency hopping is FR LOAD
(generally, it is smaller than 50%).
Frequency group number Channel number MAIO
A 80, 77, 74, 71, 68, 65, 62, 59, 56, 53, 50, 47 0, 2, 4,6, 8, 10 space
B 79, 76, 73, 70, 67, 64, 61, 58, 55, 52,49, 46 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11 grouping
C 78, 75, 72, 69, 66, 63, 60, 57, 54, 51, 48, 45 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10

A 80, 79, 78, 77, 76, 75, 74, 73,72, 71, 70, 69 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 sequence
B 68, 67, 66, 65, 64, 63, 62, 61, 60, 59, 58, 57 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 grouping
C 56, 55, 54, 53, 52, 51, 50, 49, 48, 47, 46, 45 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10
Because FR LOAD 1 to 2, if the bandwidth is 10MHz, the maximum base station

type can be configured as S7/7/7. In this case, the frequency reuse degree is 7.14
Example of 13 Frequency Reuse
Suppose 900 band: 96124
BTS configuration: S3/3/3
BCCH layer: 96109 reuse pattern: 43
TCH layer: 110124 reuse pattern: 13
TCH Consecutive Allocation Scheme
Cell1
MA1 (110,112)
Cell1
MA1 (110,112)
Cell3 Cell2
(120,122) MA2 MA3 (115,117)
Cell3 Cell2
(120,122) MA2 MA3 (115,117)
Cell1
MA1 (110,112)
Cell3 Cell2
(120,122) MA2 MA3 (115,117)
MA MAIO
CELL1(MA1) 110 111 112 113 114 0,2
CELL2(MA2) 115 116 117 118 119 0,2
CELL3(MA3) 120 121 122 123 124 0,2
TCH Interval Allocation Scheme
Cell1 Cell1
MA1 (110,113) MA1 (110,113)
Cell3 Cell2 Cell2

(124,112) MA2 MA3 (117,120) Cell3
MA3 (117,120)
(124,112) MA2
Cell1
MA1 (110,113)
Cell3 Cell2
(124,112) MA2 MA3 (117,120)
MA MAIO
CELL1(MA1) 110 113 116 119 122 0,1
CELL2(MA2) 111 114 117 120 123 2,3
CELL3(MA3) 112 115 118 121 124 4,1
The Characteristics of the 1 x 3
The characteristics of 1 x 3 frequency reuse pattern are listed below:
The frequencies are more tightly reused, so the network capacity is great.
When planning a network, only need to plan BCCH, while its unnecessary to
re-plan frequencies. So the efficiency for network planning is high.
Wideband combiner must be used, but the cavity combiner with frequency
selectivity is inapplicable.
Co-channel and neighbor channel interference increases as the frequency
reuse distance decreases.
RF hopping must be used, and the channel numbers participating frequency
hopping is twice that of the number of carriers at least.
In actual conditions, BCCH cannot use anti-interference technology, such as
RF hopping, DTX, and power control, therefore, in order to ensure network
quality, BCCH can only use the looser 4 x 3 frequency reuse pattern.
One cell of one base station forms a frequency reuse cluster

A 96,97,98,99,100,101,102,103,104,105,106,107,108,109,110 0,2,4
B 96,97,98,99,100,101,102,103,104,105,106,107,108,109,110 6,8
C 96,97,98,99,100,101,102,103,104,105,106,107,108,109,110 10,12
The maximum base station type can be configured as S4/3/3 under 1 x 1
frequency reuse pattern. In this case, the frequency reuse degree is
7.25/9.67/9.67, so the average value is 8.86.
Therefore, the maximum base station configuration under 1 x 1 frequency reuse

pattern is the same as that under 1 x 3 frequency reuse space grouping pattern,
so is the network capacity.
Illustration of 13 and 11
BCCH14+TCH36 1BCCH+12TCH
13
1BCCH+12TCH 1BCCH+12TCH
1BCCH+3TCH
1BCCH+TCH
11
43
Illustration of 13 and 11
TRX1 TRX2 ... TRX7
TRX1 TRX2 ... TRX7
TRX8 TRX9... TRX14 TRX15 TRX16...TRX21
TRX8 TRX9... TRX14 TRX15 TRX16...TRX21
The red items are BCCH RCs
Contents
Conception of Concentric Cell Technology
In the GSM network, concentric cell technology is used to divide the
service area into two parts: overlaid and underlaid.
Essentially, the concentric cell technology concerns channel allocation and
handover, but when combining this technology with various frequency
planning technologies, network quality can be improved as the expanded
network capacity is increase.
Overlaid-cell
Underlaid-cell
Conception of Concentric Cell Technology
Generally, 4 x 3 frequency reuse pattern is used for the underlaid. For
overlaid, the frequency reuse patterns, such as 3 x 3, 2 x 3, or 1 x 3, are
used. Therefore, all carriers can be divided into two groups, one for
underlaid, and the other one for overlaid.
Underlaid Overlaid
Underlaid/Overlaid Frequency Allocation
If the capacity of the overlaid is great, we can group the channel numbers
according to the following table. In this case, the overlaid has more
channel numbers, which is beneficial for the base station to absorb
nearby traffic volume.
Logical
channel Channel number (6MHz bandwidth concentric cell )
Underlaid 6 6 6 6 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7
(12) 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Overlaide 7 7 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 9 9 9 9 9 9 9
(18) 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 8 0 1 2 3 4 5
Underlaid/Overlaid Frequency Allocation
If traffic volume is evenly distributed, we can enhance the underlaid
capacity through grouping the channel numbers according to the following
table. In this case, the underlaid can absorb more traffic volume.
Logical
Channel number (6MHz bandwidth concentric cell )
channel
Underlaid 6 6 6 6 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8
(24) 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Overlaid 9 9 9 9 9 9
(6 ) 0 1 2 3 4 5
Overlaid/Underlaid Frequency Configuration
Super fn Super fn Super fn

Regular fm Regular fm Regular fm
BCCH TRX Number: 15 reuse density:12

TCH TRX Number in Regular Layer: 24 reuse density:12
TCH Number in Super Layer: 12 reuse density:6
The Characteristics of Concentric Cell Technology
Any change of the network structure is unnecessary.
Special software and algorithms on channel allocation and
handover are needed, while system hardware requires no
special change.
Concentric cell technology is applicable to the areas near the
base station where the traffic is concentrated.
The overlaid coverage of the concentric cell technology is small,
interference in the network decreases.
The transmit power of the overlaid carriers is low, so it is hard for
the carriers to absorb indoor traffic.
Contents
Conception of MRP Technology
According to multiple reuse pattern (MRP), the carriers are divided into
several groups.
The carries in each group work as an independent layer, and each layer
uses a different frequency reuse pattern.
During frequency planning, configures the carriers layer by layer, with

reuse density increases layer by layer, as shown in the next slide.
Conception of MRP Technology
MRP Application Procedure
Firstly, divide an available band into several sub-bands. Generally, an
independent lay is for the BCCH bands.
Secondly, divides the remaining channel numbers into multiple TCH bands.
Different frequency reuse patterns must be used for different TCH bands.
Layer Channel Number

BCCH n1
TCH1 n2
TCH2 n3

TCHm-1 nm
Note:
1). n1 n2 n3 n4 nm
2). n1+n2+...+nm=n
Example of MRP Application Procedure
If the available bandwidth is 7.2MHz , the available channel numbers are from
60 to 95, 36 in total, and they can be divided into 4 groups
(b)
Example of MRP
Capacity increase when reuse density is multiplied:
Supposing there are 300 cells
Bandwidth: 8 MHz (40 frequency)
Normal 43 reuse: reuse density=12

Network capacity = (40/12)300 = 1000 TRX
Multiple reuse:
BCCH layer: re-use =12, (14 frq.)
Normal TCH layer: re-use =10, (20 frq.)
Aggressive TCH layer: re-use = 6, (6 frq.)
Network capacity = (1 +2 +1)300 = 1200 TRX
MRP Consecutive Allocation Scheme
Suppose that the available frequency carrier is 10MHZ, channel number
is 4694, the Multi-layer reuse pattern should be:
Carrier Type ARFCN of the Available Channel Number Available Channel Numbers
BCCH 46~57 12
TCH1 58~66 9
TCH2 67~74 8
TCH3 75~82 8
TCH4 83~88 6
TCH5 89~94 6
MRP Interval Allocation Scheme
(Example 1)
If the available bandwidth is 10MHz, the available channel numbers are
from 46 to 94. In this case, the frequencies can be allocated according to
Carrier type ARFCN of the available channel number Available channel numbers
BCCH 46, 48, 50, 52, 54, 56, 58, 60, 62, 64, 66, 68 12
TCH1 70, 72, 74, 76, 78, 80, 82, 84, 86 9
TCH2 88, 90, 92, 94, 47, 49, 51, 53 8
TCH3 55, 57, 59, 61, 63, 65, 67, 69 8
TCH4 71, 73, 75, 77, 79, 81 6
TCH5 83, 85, 87, 89, 91, 93 6
Note:
ARFCN stands for absolute radio frequency channel number.
MRP Interval Allocation Scheme (Example 2)
Suppose the available channel numbers are from 1 to 37. 12 of which are
allocated to the BCCH, and the remaining of which are allocated to TCH1,
TCH2, TCH3, and MICRO.
Advantages of MRP
The network capacity is great and frequency utilization rate is high.
The channel configuration is flexible. The frequency reuse pattern is
selected according to network capacity and traffic distribution. In the
areas where the traffic is high, you can add carriers to these areas.
No two cells have the same ARFCN, so no co-channel cell exists in
the system if the MRP is used.
Baseband hopping and RF hopping can be used.
The base station type can be configures flexibly, which is good for
network quality.
The channels to be allocated are weighted basing on interference,
which enhances the network quality.
Comparison Between MRP and 13
For Multi-layer reuse pattern, either base band hopping or RF hopping
can be used. But for 1x3 reuse, only RF hopping can be used.
The frequency planning for the 1x3 mode is simple and it is easy to plan
the frequency for new added BTS.
1x3 mode requires a rather regular BTS location distribution.
For the cells with fixed number of TRX, when the traffic is heavy, the 1x3
provides higher service quality than that of Multi-layer reuse pattern.
TRX can be easily added to the 1x3 network, but TRX number of hopping
should not exceed the product of the allocated hopping frequency number
and the max RF load ratio.
BCCH of Multi-layer reuse pattern can take part in the frequency hopping,
while BCCH in 1x3 mode can not.
Frequency Planning Principle
There should be no co-channel frequency carriers in one BTS.
The frequency separation between BCCH and TCH in the same cell should
be not less than 400K.
When frequency hopping is not used, the separation of TCH in the same cell
should be not less than 400K.
In non-13 reuse mode, co-channel should be avoided between the
immediately neighbor BTS.
Neighbor BTS should not have co-channels facing each other directly.
Normally, with 13 reuse, the number of the hopping frequencies should be
not less than twice of the number of frequency hopping TRX in the same cell.
Pay close attention to co-channel reuse, avoiding the situation that the same
BCCH has the same BSIC in adjacent area.
Exercise
To realize 11BTSs S2/2/2 via BCCH(43): 96~109, TCH(13): 110~124.
B
D
A
F
G H
J K
I
Contents
Contents
6.1 Definition of Hopping
6.2 Advantages of Hopping
6.3 Classification of Hopping
6.4 Parameter of Hopping
Frequency Hopping
Advantages of Hopping
Get an agreeable radio environment.
Provide a similar communication quality for every user.
Tighter reuse patterns are possible to be used for larger capacity.
Frequency Diversity of Hopping
Smoothen the rapid fading (Rayleigh fading)
Interference Diversity of Hopping
Smoothen and average the interference
Classification of Hopping
According to implementation mode
Base-band hopping
RF hopping
According to the minimum hopping time unit
Timeslot hopping
Frame hopping
Base Band Hopping Principle
FH bus
BCCH carrier attends hopping, on which TS0 can not attend hopping
TS 0 TS 1 TS 2 TS 3 TS 4 TS 5 TS 6 TS 7 ARFCN
TRX0 No Hopping 5(BCCH carrier)
TRX1 10(TCH carrier)
MA={10,15,20} MA={5,10,15,20}
BCCH carrier does not attends hopping
TRX0 No Hopping No Hopping No Hopping No Hopping No Hopping No Hopping No Hopping No Hopping 5(BCCH carrier)
MA={10,15,20}
RF Hopping Principle
RF Hopping Principle
BCCH carrier does not attends hopping
TS 0 TS 1 TS 2 TS 3 TS 4 TS 5 TS 6 TS 7
TRX0 No Hopping No Hopping No Hopping No Hopping No Hopping No Hopping No Hopping No Hopping (BCCH carrier)
TRX1 MA={10,15,20}
(TCH
TRX2 MA={10,15,20}
carrier)
TRX3 MA={10,15,20}
Classification of Hopping
Frame hopping
Frequency changes every TDMA frame.
The different channel of one TRX uses the same MAIO.
Timeslot hopping
Frequency changes every timeslot.
The different channel of one TRX uses the different MAIO.
Frame Hopping
RF hopping and baseband hopping without BCCH carrier
Frame 0 Frame 1 Frame 2 Frame 3 Frame 4
f0
f1
f2
f3
f4
One TRX (none BCCH carrier) hopping on 5 frequencies
Timeslot Hopping
5 timeslots on 1 TRX hopping on 5 frequencies
f0
f1
f2
f3
f4
Hopping Parameters
All the parameters which are related to hopping are
configured in Cell Attributes/Frequency Hopping.
Hopping mode: the mode used by the BTS system
No hopping
Base band hopping
RF hopping
Hopping Parameters
HSNHopping Sequence Number063
HSN=0cycle hopping.
HSN0random hopping. Every sequence number

corresponds a pseudo random sequence.
Hopping Parameters
MA (Mobile Allocation Set):
MA is the set of available RF bands when hopping, containing at most 64
frequency carriers. The frequency being used must be those of the available
frequency
MAIO (Mobile Allocation Index Offset)

MAIO is used to define the initial frequency of the hopping.
Be careful to configure the MAIO of same timeslot in all channels, otherwise
interference occurs.
MAI (Mobile Allocation Index)

At the air interface, the frequency used on a specific burst is an element in MA set.
MAI is used for indication, referring to a specific element in the MA set.
MAI is the function of TDMA FN, HSN and MAIO.
Example of MAIO
TRX0 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 5(BCCH carrier)

No Hopping
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 10(TCH carrier)
TRX1
TRX2 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 15(TCH carrier)
1
2 2 2 2 2 2 2
2 3 0 1 2 3 0
1 1
2
MA1={10,15,20} 2 2 2 2
MA2={5,10,15,20} 2 2
MAIO 0 13 2 0 1
MAIO 02 1 2 33 0 1
2 1
2 2 2 2 2 2 2
MAIO MAI
Example of MAIO
TRX0 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 5(BCCH carrier)

No Hopping
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 10(TCH carrier)
TRX1
TRX2 0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 15(TCH carrier)
1
2 2 2 2 2 2 2
2 3 0 1 2 3 0
TRX4 1 1 510(TCH carrier)
2 2 2 2 2 2 2
3 0 1 2 3 0 1
2 1
TRX6 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 520(TCH carrier)
TRX7 1 2 0 1 2 3 525(TCH carrier)
0 3 3 3
3 3 3 3 3 3
MA1={10,15,20}
2 3 0 1 2 3 0
MA2={5,10,15,20}
1 3
3 3 3 3 3 3 3
MA3={510,515,520,525}
3 0 1 2 3 0 1
2 3
3 3 3 3 3 3 3
0 1 2 3 0 1 2
Example of MAIO
5 TRXs separately belongs to the same MA hopping on 5
frequencies, and uses the same HSN
5
10
15
20
25
MA={5,10,15,20,25}
Example of Hopping Parameters
8 timeslots of 1 TRX separately belongs to different MAs hopping
on 5 frequencies, and uses different HSNs
f0
f1
f2
f3
f4
Example of Hopping Parameters
5 TRXs separately belongs to different MAs hopping on 5
frequencies, and uses different HSNs
f0
f1
f2
f3
f4
Summary
In this course we have learned
Conception of Frequency Reuse
Normal Frequency Reuse
Tight Frequency Reuse
Frequency Hopping Parameter
Thank you
www.huawei.com

3 OMF007001 GSM Frequency Planning ISSUE2.0

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3 OMF007001 GSM Frequency Planning ISSUE2.0

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GSM Frequency

Copyright 2008 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

1.2 Concept of Frequency Reuse

1.3 Reuse Density

1.4 C/I Ratio

890 915 935 960

1710 1785 1805 1880

880~915 Fu(n)=890+0.2n 0 n 124

876~915 Fu(n)=890+0.2n 0 n 124

Macro-cell system {fi,fj..fk}

If every frequency is reused N times

NARFCN is the total number of the available channel numbers,

NTRX is the number of TRXs configured for the cell.

For the n x m frequency reuse pattern,

m: The number of the cells under each BTS.

Tighter reuse Looser reuse

Higher frequency reuse efficiency, Little interference,

D: Reuse distance between the

R: The cell radius

N: The number of BTS in one

All useful signals Carrier

Useful signal Noise from environment

C/I in Actual Project

Co-channel 9dB 12dB

Adjacent-channel - 9dB - 6dB

Carrier offset reaches 400 KHz - 41dB

Ik is the Kth interfering signal.

qk is the co-frequency interference

BCCH 81~94 (14 channel numbers in total, 81~82 are reserved)

The other channel numbers are allocated to TCH

So the maximum base station configuration is S4/4/4, and the frequency

So the maximum base station configuration is S8/7/7, and the frequency

So the maximum base station configuration is S3/2/2 , and the

3.2 26 Frequency Reuse Pattern

3.3 23 Frequency Reuse Pattern

3.4 13 Frequency Reuse Pattern

3.5 11 Frequency Reuse Pattern

So the maximum base station type can be configured as S5/5/5 under 3 x 3

Frequency group number A1 B1 A2 B2 A3 B3

Frequency group number Channel number MAIO

Because FR LOAD 1 to 2, if the bandwidth is 10MHz, the maximum base station

BTS configuration: S3/3/3

BCCH layer: 96109 reuse pattern: 43

TCH layer: 110124 reuse pattern: 13

CELL1(MA1) 110 111 112 113 114 0,2

CELL2(MA2) 115 116 117 118 119 0,2

CELL3(MA3) 120 121 122 123 124 0,2

Cell3 Cell2 Cell2

CELL1(MA1) 110 113 116 119 122 0,1

CELL2(MA2) 111 114 117 120 123 2,3

CELL3(MA3) 112 115 118 121 124 4,1

If the available bandwidth is 6MHz ,the channel numbers are 96~124

For BCCH carriers, channel numbers is 111~124, frequency reuse pattern is 43

For TCH carriers, channel numbers is 96~110, frequency reuse pattern is 11

Frequency group number Channel number MAIO

Therefore, the maximum base station configuration under 1 x 1 frequency reuse

TRX1 TRX2 ... TRX7

TRX1 TRX2 ... TRX7

TRX8 TRX9... TRX14 TRX15 TRX16...TRX21

TRX8 TRX9... TRX14 TRX15 TRX16...TRX21

The red items are BCCH RCs

Super fn Super fn Super fn

BCCH TRX Number: 15 reuse density:12