by

Russell Krick

Publisher
The Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.
Tinley Park, Illinois
Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.
 Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.
 Devices that hold the parts of a car
together
Thousands of fasteners are used in
vehicles

Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.

 Not all Fasteners are bolts

Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.

 Automotive Fasteners

Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.

 Bolts and Nuts
Bolt
metal rod with external threads on one
end and a head on the other
when a bolt is threaded into a part other
than a nut, it can also be called a cap
screw
Nut
has internal threads and a six-sided outer
shape

Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.

 Thread Types
There are three basic types of threads
used on fasteners:
Coarse threads
UNC-Unified National Coarse
Fine threads
UNF-Unified National Fine
Metric threads
SI

Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.

 Thread Direction
Bolts and nuts come in right- and left-
hand threads
Right-hand threads
turn clockwise to tighten
Lefty Loosy-Righty Tighty
Left-hand threads
turn counterclockwise to tighten
letter L may be stamped on fastener

Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.

 Bolt Grade
Also called tensile strength
U.S. customary bolts are marked with
lines
Metric bolts are marked with numbers

Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.

 Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.
 Bolt Designation
Number

Gives information about the bolt

Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.
 Bolt Designation
Number

Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.

 Nut Types

Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.

 Castle Nut and
Cotter Pin

Cotter pin keeps the nut from turning and

possibly coming off
Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.
 Washer Types

A. Plain flat washer B. Split lock washer

C. Toothed lock washer D. Lock plate
Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.
 Similar to bolts, but they normally have
screw-type heads
Threaded along their full length
Used to secure parts when clamping
loads are light
Available in various head shapes

Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.

 Numerous types of nonthreaded
fasteners, such as snap rings, clips, and
adhesives, are used in the assembly
of a vehicle

Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.

 Snap Ring Types

Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.

 Torque Specifications
Tightening values given by the auto
manufacturer
Normally given for all precision
assemblies, such as engines,
transmissions, and differentials
Factory specifications should be used
general bolt torque chart may be used if
factory specs are not available

Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.

 Bolt
Torque
Chart

Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.

 Torque-to-yield
Requires a specific bolt torque,
followed by turning the bolt a specific
number of degrees
Procedure stretches the bolt to its
correct yield point, preloading the
fastener
New bolts may be required each time

Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.

 Bolt Tightening
Sequence

Service manual pattern for a cylinder head

Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.

 Bolt Tightening
Sequence

Service manual pattern for wheel lug nuts

Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.
 Torque Wrench Rules
Keep a steady pull on the wrench
Clean fastener threads
Avoid using swivel joints
When reading a torque wrench, look
straight down at the scale
Use manufacturers specifications
when available

Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.

 Used between parts to prevent leakage of
engine oil, coolant, transmission oil, and
other fluids
Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.
 Sealers

Gaskets are often coated with a sealer to

help prevent leakage and to hold the
gasket during assembly
Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.
 Form-in-Place Gaskets
Used instead of conventional fiber or
rubber gaskets
Two common types are:
room temperature vulcanizing (RTV)
sealer
anaerobic sealer

Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.

 RTV Sealer

Commonly recommended where two

different gaskets join
Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.