Tenses bentuk kata kerja yg menunjukkan waktu

dari suatu tindakan atau kegiatan

Berdasar ada tidaknya kata kerja nyata, kalimat
dibagi jadi dua : kalimat nominal dan kalimat verbal
Kalimat nominal
Tidak memiliki kata kerja nyata, hanya mempunyai
kata kerja penghubung yaitu to be sebagai kata
kerja utamanya. am, is, are, was, were, be, been
Kalimat verbal
Memiliki kata kerja nyata sebagai kata kerja utamanya
(main verb). walk, drink, feel, come etc.
Contoh
Kalimat nominal
I am here.
She is a famous magician.

They were very excited in the journey.

He was a teacher.
He has been here for two years.
Contoh
Kalimat verbal
He talks very loud.

They will go to Singapore next week.

I came to his house last month.

Contoh macam-macam bentuk Tenses:

Simple Present Tense:

He listens to the radio.
Present Continuous Tense:
He is listening to the radio.
Present Perfect Tense:
He has listened to the radio.
Present Perfect Continuous Tense:
He has been listening to the radio
Time Now
Kalimat Nominal
Subject + is/am/are + complement

I am a student

She is a singer

You are lecturer

Ikrar and Amin are famous magician

Kalimat Verbal
Subject + Verb1/verb-s/-es
I go to school every day
You look happy
They do their work on time
We like this song
He comes to his house twice a day
He learns English almost every day
Notes:
Jika subyeknya:

I, you, we, they, my friends kata

kerjanya: verb1

he, she, it, Andi, my friend kata

kerjanya: verb-s/es
Mengungkapkankejadian, tindakan atau
sesuatu dgn ciri-2 berikut:
1. Kebiasaan
My sister drinks milk every morning
They speak English every day
2. Kebenaran Umum
The sun rises in the east
The world is round
3. Terjadwal atau terencana
The train arrives at 04.00
The shop closes at 09.00
Tanda waktu (Time marker)
Every : every day, every morning,
every Sunday, every year,
Always, never, rarely, sometimes,
often, usually.
On Sundays, on Fridays
In the morning, in the evening
Time Now
Kalimat Nominal
Sama dengan simple present

Subject + is/am/are + complement

I am an university student
She is a singer
You are director
Kalimat Verbal
Subject + Verb1/verb-s/-es
I am watching television now
You are walking to the library now.
She is learning mathematics now
They are reading books in the library.
Diana and Eddy are listening to the music.
He is writing a poem.
She is talking to Mr. Harris.
Digunakan pada:
1. Kejadian yg sedang berlangsung
Susi is sleeping at her room now
They are watching TV now
2. Kejadian yang akan datang dlm
waktu dekat
We are living for Bali tomorrow
morning
We are coming soon
Kata kerja yg tak bisa (hampir tidak pernah)
menjadi verb-ing:
wish taste smell
want suppose seem
understand sound see
remember love prefer
realize mean like
hate need know
hear own appear
believe forget have
belong
Time markers
now
at the moment
at present
the moment
this time
Time Now
Kalimat Nominal
Subject + has/have/been + complement

I have been here for two hours

They have been in Malaysia since five

years ago

He has been here for years

Kalimat Verbal
Subject + has/have + verb3

I have lived here for three years

We have done our work since yesterday
He has written this storybook
Mr. Rusdi has written many books since he
graduated from the university
 Digunakan ketika mengungkapkan:
1. Tindakan atau keinginan yg tlh selesai sebelum
now
She done all the works
We have visited some libraries in this town
2. Perbuatan atau kegiatan yg dilakukan pd waktu
lampau dan msh berkaitan dgn waktu sekarang
My father has taught Maths since twenty years ago
I have waited for my mother for two hours
3. Aktivitas yg tlh selesai dilakukan, namun hasilnya
bs dirasakan saat ini
She has read this book.
They have seen this film several time.
Time markers
Since .: since last week, since 1972
For .: for three months, for two days
Already, just, not yet, three times, so far
Kalimat nominal
Sama dengan Present Perfect
Tense
Subject + has/have/been + Complement
 Kalimat Verbal
Subject + has/have/been + verb-ing

I have been learning English for two

years
The baby has been sleeping for three
hours
My sisters has been sleeping since three
oclock
Digunakan ketika mengungkapkan:
Suatu aktivitas berlangsung cukup lama,
dimulai pada masa lampau dan masih
terus berlangsung sampai sekarang
Contoh:
I have been learning English for two years
Time Now
Time markers
Since .: since I was a child
since two years ago
since we met

For .: for three years

for three hours
Time Now
Kalimat Nominal
Subject + was/were + complement
I was in Banjarmasin last week
She was very happy yesterday
Edwin was here just now
They were very excited
We were very happy
Kalimat Verbal
Subject + Verb2

John went to Singapore last month

He visited me yesterdaay
She wrote a letter to her father last week
I met Linda three days ago
They drank tea this morning
Mengungkapkan
1. Kejadian yg terjd di waktu tertentu di
masa lampau
Dina was here yesterday
He played badminton last Saturday
2. Kebiasaan atau kejadian yg berulang-
ulang di masa lampau
He always studied hard when he was a
student
In the past, he smoked almost every day
You always cried every day when you were
a baby
Tanda waktu (Time marker)
Yesterday
Just now.
Last : last week, last month, last
year, last Monday, last February
.. ago: three days ago, two weeks
ago, two years ago
Time Now
Kalimat Nominal
Sama dengan Simple Past Tense

Subject + was/were + complement

Kalimat Verbal
Subject + was/were + verb-ing
Susi was listening to the radio when I came
The young lady was sleeping when her friends
arrived
When I was writing a story , my mother phoned

The director phoned me when I was attending a

meeting
Indi was watching television, while Indra was
reading a novel
Digunakan untuk mengungkapkan:
1. Tindakan di masa lampau yang disela tindakan
atau kejadian yg lain
Susi was watching television when I came
2. Dua kejadian atau tindakan yg terjadi dlm
waktu yg sama di masa lampau
Iwan was reading a book while Susan was
sitting in the living room
3. Kejadian atau tindakan yg sedang berlangsung
pd waktu tertentu di masa lampau
Doni was studying at eight oclock last night
Time markers
when
while
at
 1 2

Time Now
Kalimat Nominal
Subject + had been + complement

He had been here before I came

The student had been in the classroom
before the lecturer come in
Kalimat Verbal
Subject + had + verb 3
Didan had gone to the school before he went
home
Dina drank her tea after she had finished her
work
Before Shinta cooked, she had bought meat in
the market
Doni had lived in Jakarta for five years before
he moved to Surabaya
Digunakan untuk mengungkapkan:
1. Tindakan yg terjd sebelum tindakan lain di masa
lampau
Didan had gone to the school before he went
home

2. Kejadian atau kondisi atau peristiwa yg

berlangsung selama waktu tertentu dimsa
lampau, tetapi berhenti sebelum now
Doni had lived in Jakarta for five years before he
moved to Surabaya
Time markers
before
after
when
 1 2

Time Now

Kalimat Nominal
Sama dengan pola Past Perfect Tense

Subject + had been + complement

Kalimat Verbal
Subject + had + been + verb-ing
My father had been working at the
company for twenty years before he
retired
The doctor had examined the patient
accurately before he decided to operate
him
Digunakan untuk mengungkapkan:
1. Tindakan yg berlangsung lama, yang telah
terjadi dan terus berlanjut sampai pada
suatu saat di masa lampau.
Jadi aktiviasnya sudah berlangsung dan
baru berhenti sebelum aktivitas lain di
masa lampau terjadi.
She had been working at he hospital for twenty
years before she changed her job.
2. Tindakan yang sedang berlangsung di
masa lampau.
Sinta was very tired because she had been
cooking all day.

Time markers
before
for
Kalimat Nominal
Subject + well/shall + be + complement

I shall be here tomorrow

They will be very happy because
of you
She will be there
Kalimat Verbal 1
Subject + well/shall + verb 1
The disrector will create a new movie next
Sunday
They will take an examination tomorrow
morning
Tantri will travel around Kalimantan next
March
Kalimat Verbal 2
Subject + am/is/are + going to + verb 1
I am going to finish my study next
November
He is going to visit Bali next month

They are going to see their parents this

weekend
Time marker
1. Tomorrow
2. Next ..: next week; next month; next
year
3. Tonight
4. In the future
5. This weekend
6. In five days
Kalimat Nominal
Sama dengan Future Tense

Subject + well/shall + be + complement

Kalimat Verbal
Subject + well/shall + be + verb-ing

At 8 oclock tomorrow, I will be watching

my favorite film
He will be listening his favorite song at this
time tomorrow
She will attending the mathematics class at
this time next Tuesday.
Time markers
at this time tomorrow
at nine oclock tomorrow morning
at the same time tomorrow
at this time tomorrow