Management and Leadership

Copyright 2002 by Harcourt, Inc. All rights reserved.

LEARNING GOALS
Explain the functions of management
Explain the qualities of leadership
State the three major styles of leadership
State the factors that may affect leadership
styles

Copyright 2002 by Harcourt, Inc. All rights reserved.

 What is management and
leadership?
Management: managers responsible for getting things
done, usually through other people
or the process of realizing organizational objectives
through people and other resources.
Management in all business areas and organizational
activities refers to the acts of getting people together to
accomplish desired goals and objectives. Management
comprises planning, organizing, staffing, leading or
directing, and controlling an organization (a group of
one or more people or entities) or effort for the purpose PhotoDisc

of accomplishing a goal.
Copyright 2002 by Harcourt, Inc. All rights reserved.
 What is management and
leadership?
Leadership: being a leader or the ability to be a leader
in an organization. Leadership is stated as the process of
social influence in which one person can enlist the aid
and support of others in the accomplishment of a
common task.

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Copyright 2002 by Harcourt, Inc. All rights reserved.

The functions of management
Planning:
Organizing
Commanding
Coordinating
Motivating
Controlling

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Copyright 2002 by Harcourt, Inc. All rights reserved.

Qualities of leadership

positive self image Clear vision

Key leadership
qualities

Innovative ideas Quickly sense and

to problems respond to changes

Copyright 2002 by Harcourt, Inc. All rights reserved.

Question for critical thinking

Do you think managers are the

same as leaders? If not, explain the
possible differences between them.

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Copyright 2002 by Harcourt, Inc. All rights reserved.

Types of leadership style
Autocratic leadership style
Democratic leadership style:
persuasive
or consultative
Laissez-faire leadership style

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Copyright 2002 by Harcourt, Inc. All rights reserved.

Leadership styles
A leadership style where the leader
makes all decisions independently
or without consulting with others
Autocratic Advantages: good in certain
Autocratic circumstances, such as urgent tasks
or military actions
Disadvantages: poor decisions, poor
level of employee motivation

Copyright 2002 by Harcourt, Inc. All rights reserved.

Leadership styles
A leadership style where
a leader encourages
Autocratic
Autocratic employee participation
in decision-making
persuasive or consultative
Democratic
Advantages: better
Democratic decisions, employee
motivation
Disadvantages: delayed
decision, long
consultation

Copyright 2002 by Harcourt, Inc. All rights reserved.

Leadership styles
A leadership style
Autocratic where employees are
encouraged to make
their own decisions
within limits.
Democratic
Advantages: more
freedom for employees
Laissez-faire
Disadvantages: few
guidelines, little
incentive, poor
motivation, maybe a
mess
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Copyright 2002 by Harcourt, Inc. All rights reserved.

Question for critical thinking

Leadership styles are also described

by some researchers as the
following: telling leadership,
selling leadership, participating
leadership, and delegating
leadership. Could you try to explain
them?

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Copyright 2002 by Harcourt, Inc. All rights reserved.

 Managers as Leaders

Leadership Styles
Autocratic leadershipboss makes decisions
on their own without consulting employees

Democratic leadershipinvolves
subordinates in making decisions

Copyright 2002 by Harcourt, Inc. All rights reserved.

 Managers as Leaders
Leadership Styles
Free-reign leadershipleader believes in
minimal supervision, leaving most decisions to
subordinates

Empowermentpractice in which managers lead

employees by sharing power, responsibility, and
decision making with them

Copyright 2002 by Harcourt, Inc. All rights reserved.

 Comparison of Leadership Styles

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Factors affecting leadership styles
The task
The tradition of an organization
The type of labor force
The leaders personality
The time
Gender?

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Copyright 2002 by Harcourt, Inc. All rights reserved.

Managers as Leaders
Which Leadership Style Is Best?
Depends on function of the leader, subordinates,
and situation
Some leaders cant work well with high
participation of subordinates
Some employees lack the ability or
desire to assume responsibility
Participative decision making may be better
when time pressure is not acute

Copyright 2002 by Harcourt, Inc. All rights reserved.