WELCOME

TO THE FIELD

OF

REFRIGERATION
Refrigeration
Cooling below ambient

Air-conditioning
Maintaining temp, humidity and
quality of air
 AIR-CONDITIONING

Refrigeration Addition /
Removal of moisture
Heating Air purity
and noise control
 REFRIGERATION TYPES
COMPRESSION

Reciprocating Screw
- Low capacity Min about 100 TR
temperature no bar Temperature no bar
Centrifugal
- High capacity temperature
normally above zero
 ABSORPTION

Ammonia LiBr
- Low CoP (only single effect) - Good CoP for double effect machines
- No bar for temperature - Standard models available
- Custom built - Temperature limitation upto 0oC
 COMPARISON OF ENGINE AND
REFRIGERATION MACHINE
Exhaust heat R Heat
Refrigeration 32 38 rejected
Rejection Cooling water
R2 Heat out R1
12oC

Refrigeration Heat
Engine Kw E input
machine
Output I
O
O 7oC
Heat input
I Heat balance
I+O=R
Heat balance
I = O + R1 + R2
Efficiency = Desired effect
Efficiency = Desired effect
Energy input
Energy input
can be more than one
= O
Hence called
I
CoP - Coefficient of Performance
Always less than 1
 What is Absorption System ?
COMPRESSION ABSORPTION

CONDENSOR
CONDENSOR
REBOILER
COMPRESSOR
PUMP

EVAPORATOR ABSORBER

EVAPORATOR
HOW DOES THE
VAPOUR ABSORPTION
MACHINE WORK??
Working substances
Lithium Bromide (Li Br) Solution
Hygroscopic Nature
Used as Absorbent

Water
Used as Refrigerant
AFFINITY TO WATER

HIGH LiBr
CONCENTRATION HIGHER AFFINITY

HIGHER
TEMPERATURE
LOWER AFFINITY
BOILING POINT OF WATER

10 Kg/cm2(g) 175C

760mm Hg 100C

70mm Hg 45C

6mm Hg 3.5C

Pressure Boiling Point

 SINGLE & DOUBLE EFFECT
CHILLERS
Single effect Double effect
LiBr boiling temp. LiBr boiling temp. @
@100 Deg C 155 Deg
Steam pressure 1-1.5 Steam Pressure 8
Bar G Bar g
Saturation Temp. Saturation temp. of
120-125 Deg C steam @ 175 Deg c
LiBr concentration in LiBr concentration in
Generator @63.5% Generator@ 61 %
 STEAM TEMPS. &
ENTHALPIES
Pressure 1 Bar g Pressure 8 Bar g
Steam saturation Steam Saturation
Temp. 120 Deg C Temp. 175 Deg C
Steam Enthalpy Steam Enthalpy
646 Kcal/Kg 662 Kcal/Kg

Steam temperature rises by 45 %

Steam enthalpy rises by only 2.5 %

THANK YOU.