TECHNICAL PRESENTATION

ON
VECTOR GROUP

By
M M V RAVINDRA
Contents
1. Polarity
2. Three Phase Connections
3. Vector group
4. Verification of Vector Group
5. Importance of Vector Group
1. Polarity
The primary and secondary
windings on the core are in
same phase
If the windings of the
Transformer have same
direction then voltage
induced in both the coils are
in same polarity(Additive
polarity).
If two coils have opposite
winding direction then
Voltage induced in both coil
are in opposite direction.
2. Three Phase Connections
2.1 Star Connection
Each end of coil with same polarity is
connected to a point called star point.
Star point may or may not be
grounded
Represented with symbol Y in
vector group
2. Three Phase Connections
2.2 Delta connection
Polarity end of one coil is
connected with non polarity end
of another coil.
In the delta physically the neutral
point does not exist so it cannot be
brought out. The delta side neutral
is the imaginary point 'n'
(geometrically found) which is
equidistant from a2, b2 and c2.
Represented with symbol D in
vector group
2. Three Phase Connections
2.3 Zigzag connection

Zigzag connection is also called the

interconnected star connection. This
connection has some of the features
of the Y and the connections,
combining the advantages of both.
Represented with symbol Z in
vector group
3. Vector group
Vector Groups are method of categorizing the primary
and secondary winding configurations of 3-phase
transformers and the phase relation between primary
and secondary.
In vector group primary winding connection should be
shown in capital letter
Followed by next high voltage winding connection in
small letters
Followed by phase relation of secondary w.r.t primary
winding in clock notation
 Followed by next high voltage and its phase relation
with primary winding and so on.
Ex : YNd11
For Auto Transformers connection symbol should
followed by symbol a0
Ex : YNa0
Clock notation of phase shift
1. Digit 0 =0 that the LV phasor is in phase with the HV
phasor
2. Digit 1 =30 lagging (LV lags HV with 30) because
rotation is anti-clockwise.
3. Digit 6 = 180 lagging (LV lags HV with 180)
4. Digit 5 = 150 lagging (LV lags HV with 150)
5. Digit 11 = 330 lagging or 30 leading (LV leads HV
with 30)

Examples:
1.Dy11
2.YNd11d11
3.YNa0d11
4.Yyn0
5.Dz0
 Phase Shift (Deg) Connection

0 Yy0 Dd0 Dz0

30 lag Yd1 Dy1 Yz1

60 lag Dd2 Dz2

120 lag Dd4 Dz4

150 lag Yd5 Dy5 Yz5

180 lag Yy6 Dd6 Dz6

210 lag or 150 lead Yd7 Dy7 Yz7

240 lag or 120 lead Dd8 Dz8

300 lag or 60 lead Dd10 Dz10

330 lag or 30 lead Yd11 Dy11 Yz11

Yy0
Yy6
Yd11
Yd1
Dz0
What is the vector symbol for
the below connection?

Yd5
What is the connection for the
vector symbol Dy11?
4. Verification of Vector Group
5. Importance of Vector group
The Determination of vector group of transformers is
very important before connecting two or more
transformers in parallel.
If two transformers of different vector groups are
connected in parallel then phase difference exists
between the secondary of the transformers and large
circulating current flows between the two
transformers.
THANK YOU