ENGLISH

INDONESIAN
TRANSLATION
definition

a version in a different language: an English

translation of Plato.
According to Bialystok and Forlich,
transliteration is a literal rendition of the
native language word or phrase.
Translation is an act through which the
content of a text is transferred from the
source language into the target language
(Foster, 1958).
definition
Larson (1998) stated that translation is
basically a change of form. In translation the
form of the source language is replaced by
the form of receptor (target) language.
a process of substituting a text in one
language for a text in another.(Machali (2000)
Ghazala (1995),"translation is generally used
to refer to all the processes and methods
used to convey the meaning of the source
language into the target language"
definition
Catford (1965),"translation is the
replacement of textual material in one
language (SL) by equivalent textual
material in another language (TL)
Translation is rendering the meaning of
a text into another language in the way
that the author intended the text
( Newmark, 1988: 5).
Types of Translation

Larson (1998) divided

translation into two types, they
are:
1. Literal translation
2. Idiomatic translation
Literal translation
Literal translation is a form-based translation
attempting to follow the form of the source
language.

For example:
Source Language Text
Look, little guy, you-all shouldnt be doing that.

Target Language Text

Lihat, anak kecil, kamu semua seharusnya tidak
berbuat seperti itu.
Idiomatic translation
2. Idiomatic translation is a meaning-based
translation that makes every effort to
communicate the meaning of the source
language text in the natural form of the receptor
language.
For example:
Source Language Text
Tell me, I am not in a cage now.
Text Target language
Ayo, berilah aku semangat bahwa aku orang bebas.
Problem in translation
1. Lexical Problems (deal with words)
2. Syntactic Problems
3. Cultural Problems
 Lexical Problems
Lexical Problems (deal with words)
a. Meaning Distribution
Translators especially beginner often have problems with the
choice of contextual appropriate English word equivalent in
Indonesia.

examples:
The hunter fired his gun when he saw a deer
*pemburu itu membakar senapannya keetika melihat seekor
rusa >>>>> memicu/ melepaskan tembakan
b. Lexical Transfer of Individual Words

The tendency to make lexical transfer from English into

Indonesian shows in a high frequency in practices. The
translator looks up the meaning of English word equivalent
in Indonesia (in a bilingual dictionary),

Examples
I am not in a position to help you
*saya tidak dalam suatu kedudukan/ posisi
menolongmu>>> saya tidak bisa menolongmu

We run after the thief

*Kami lari setelah pencuri itu>>> kami mengejar pencuri
itu
Syntactic Problems

a. Gerund Constructing (V + ing to form Noun)

Playing football is my hobby

*Permainan bola kaki adalah kegemaran saya>>> bermain

Understanding each other is very important in friendship

*Pemahaman satu sama lain adalah sangat penting dalam
pesahabatan>>>> memahami

The problems arise because translator tries to find

equivalent forms in Indonesian
b. Personal Pronouns
Example:
- Syntactic differences should be taken into
account as they can distort the SL message.
*Perbedaan sintaksis perlu diperhatikan karena
perbedaan ini/ hal ini (not mereka)dapat merubah
pesan bahasa sumber.

- It is not easy to translate the word bank into

Indonesian since it is lexically ambiguous.
*Tidak mudah menerjemahkan kata bank ke dalam
bahasa Indonesia karena kata bank/ kata ini (not
dia) mempunyai arti ganda
c. Tenses
- Where are you going?
(kemana anda sedang pergi)>>> Mau kemana?

- He went to Jakarta
(dia sudah pergi ke Jakarta)>>> Dia pergi ke/ ke
Jakarta

- I would have been happier

(saya sudah akan lebih berbahagia)>>>saya
seharusnya lebih berbahagia
d. Word order
Word order also constituents problems in Translation. In
English, the head precedes the modifier (e.g. new
book), while in Indonesian the head follows the modifier
(e.g. buku baru).

A place easy to reach (Mudah mencapai suatu

tempat)>>>Suatu tempat yang mudah dicapai

A bird high in the sky (Tinggi di udara seperti seekor

burung)>>>Seekor burung yang terbang tinggi di
angkasa.
e. Structural Ambiguity

Translators, even the advanced translators often find

problems with English sentences having more than one
meaning (ambiguous sentences)

Example : John loves his wife and so do I

The sentence also has two possible meanings; first,
John loves his wife and I love my wife too or second,
John loves his wife and I love his wife too.
Cultural Problems
a. Culture specific Words

We can say that language is a part of culture and one

cannot separate them without losing the significance of
either language or culture.

Example:
The words like hamburger, pizza, or hotdog, etc can
not be translated into Indonesia because the concept of
these kinds of food doesnt exist in Indonesia.
b. Culture specific idioms or proverbs
His life hangs heavy on his hands.
false: Hidupnya tergantung berat di tangannya.
True: hidupnya sangat melarat

To fall out from the frying pan into the fire,

false:jatuh keluar dari panic penggorengan ke dalam
api.
True:Sudah jatuh tertimpa tangga pula
The Process of Translation

According to
Larson (1998 ,
p.4)

Source language
is the form of
language which
the translation is
made and receptor
language is the
form of language
which it is to be
changed
According Tou
Tou (TEFLIN, II, 1989: 134) mentions four main stages
to be followed by translators in order to move the source
into the target, i.e. the analysis of meaning, the
discovery of meaning, the transfer of meaning, and the
re-expression of meaning of the source into the target.
He, however, proposes a model of translation.
Prerequisites in Translation (for a
Translator)
Speaking the SL and TL fluently doesnt guarantee that
someone can translate text/ material from SL to TL. In
order to produce good result of translation, a
translator needs to:
1. master both SL and TL (Words as well as syntactic
structure)
2. have adequate knowledge about the culture of the
people speaking the SL and TL
3. know the context/ situation
4. have adequate knowledge about the subject/ field
to be translated.
5. have special skill in translation, which can be gained
through continuous practice.
 Thats all

Thanks for attention