Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Configurations and
Horizontal Wells and Cold Production
Production Technologies
Maurice B. Dusseault
Horizontal Wells
Configurations
Stacked
Multilaterals
Opposed laterals
Horizontal Wells and Cold Production
Gravity drainage
Single-Well Configurations
Short radius
Extended reach
Special wells
Inclined drilling
Horizontal Wells and Cold Production
shale Today, anything is possible!
Maximizing contact length increases production, but there are limits of course
Geology is Paramount
Optimum horizontal well placement requires
a high-quality geological model
Where
should
the well
Horizontal Wells and Cold Production
go?
Oil & Gas Journal, June 23, 2008, from: Hein F, Cotterill D, Berhane H. Alberta Geological Survey, Earth Sciences Report 2000-7
Slant Well Drilling for SAGD Implementation
Horizontal Wells and Cold Production
Multiple Branch Completions
Multilateral wells
+Combinations of these
Multi-Levels Alaska (BP)
Flow Thru Guidestock for Level 2 Applications Plop & Drop upper
Coil tubing or drill pipe re-entry liner (10-20 ft out)
Junction made in OA
Sand
World first hollow
7" 26 lb/ft casing
guidestock for re-
entry
C
EN
Horizontal Wells and Cold Production
TR
IL
IF
Etc
Water in
Production
Well placed near
the top of the zone
Horizontal Wells and Cold Production
Density difference:
oil ~ 0.80-0.90
water ~ 1.03 1.10
Production well
The natural dip in this case adds
greatly to the stability of the
displacement process.
Horizontal Wells and Cold Production
o ~ 0.8 - 0.9
Shale barrier
Surface
Wellbore azimuth 0
- Axial fractures Wellbore azimuth 90 -
Transverse fractures
Reservoir
Horizontal Wells and Cold Production
sv
shmin
Pump
Heating zone
+s3 +s3
1
2
sv 3
s3
This effect distributes heat more evenly along the well length
Shell Canada Radial CSS
Several multilateral
radial arms
Casing Windows
CSS strategy:
Horizontal Wells and Cold Production
Multilateral
Tiebacks 4 Laterals
Injection of steam
Soak period
Production cycle
Repeat 110 m
Shell Canada Radial CSS
Single production
wellbore
Several multilateral
radial arms
Two branches for each
Horizontal Wells and Cold Production
~500 m
multilateral
Provides uniform
reservoir coverage
Tried in 2000-2003
Not used now
Horizontal Well Cyclic Steam
Oblique view
Plan view
Wells and Pump Locations
Mother well
Production tubing
H
~0.85H
Horizontal Wells and Cold Production
Production pump
The single vertical well may
have up to four daughter
wells (more is problematic)
Mega-Pattern for HCS
~1 km
Multilaterals and Pad HCS
Post-HCS Inert Gas Injection
Plan view
vertical
IGI wells
gas
Section view
(voidage filled)
Horizontal Wells and Cold Production
3-phase no Dp, no Dp ~ 0
region gas coning
new horizontal
well trajectory gas cap (wells can
be converted to
Horizontal Wells and Cold Production
methane or inert
gas injection) low Dp
gas
inj.
horizontal well
bottom water drive placement based
(some wells are on permeability and
converted to
water injection) D drainage rates
IGI, With Reservoir Structure
parallel to structure
oil bank, two-phase zone
D
water-wet sand
water,
Dp
one phase best to monitor
the process;
if coning develops,
drop pressures!
If there are Shale Streaks?
three-phase
zone
horizontal wells
Horizontal Wells and Cold Production
parallel to water
water,
one
phase
Voidage balance necessary!
Cross-Section, Canada Sands
Production Injection
Ground
130m
Horizontal Wells and Cold Production
Colorado Group
300m
Mannville
395m
Clearwater A & B 450m
Paleozoic Limestone
SAGD Facility
EAST
Steam Chamber
Slots
Oil Flow
Q:\Facility\SAGD\Sag-0022.cdr
Inclined Wells in SAGD
700-800 m
20-40 m 3-5 m
Sequence: CHOPS, then HCS, then conversion to SAGD using vert/horz wells combination
steam injection
Rapid spreading Converted
occurs when hot zones CHOPS wells
touch disturbed zones
Horizontal Wells and Cold Production
yielded
zone
Converted
HCS wells
Sequenced HCS and SAGD
A B C D
3.5-4.5h
double or single HW
Sequence from A to D:
Horizontal Wells and Cold Production
Steam lines
Injection well
Lifting Technologies
Conventional rod pumps
Rotaflex and hydraulic rod pumps
ESP (no sand)
PC and ES-PC (can handle some sand)
Horizontal Wells and Cold Production
Sectional view
Chamber growth
Underburden
3000 m
Offset-Horizontal Well Solvent
Gravitational segregation
of gases and liquids Solvent
Swept zone
injection
Horizontal Wells and Cold Production
In projects using
peripheral line drive Reservoir
starting from the top
Horizontal Wells and Cold Production
Combustion gases
Gravitational segregation
of gases and liquids Swept zone Air injection
Horizontal Wells and Cold Production
Oil displacement
AIR AIR
Horizontal Wells and Cold Production
BURN
FRONT
MOBILIZED
OIL
HORIZONTAL WELL
R. Coats, 1995
Horizontal Wells and Cold Production
Cold reservoir
heel
toe
bypassing?
The THAI Process - II
Horizontal producers
~500 m
Post-HCS Air Injection
United
States
Mexico
Caribbean
Horizontal Wells and Cold Production
Sea
Venezuela
HAMACA Ownership
ConocoPhillips - 40%
ChevronTexaco - 30% Hamaca
PDVSA - 30% Orinoco Belt
(Faja del Orinoco)
Horizontal Wells and Cold Production
PRODUCTION UPGRADING
Synthetic crude oil
180,000 b/d
26 API
SHIPPING
Diluted crude
Horizontal Wells and Cold Production
190,000 b/d
Bare Field
B Block
MFB-400 MFB-387
H Block
A4 A5
MFH-15
N
MFH-16
C4 C5
5000
Commercial Production Area
(First 4 ComProd pads)
D4 D5
Horizontal Wells and Cold Production
Fluvio-Deltaic Complexity
Horizontal Wells and Cold Production
Sub-Cretaceous Unconformity
MFS M9 17.0
DELTAIC
B
MFS M12 17.1
M14 17.3
C2
Long term base level rise
TS/
MFS Top D1 19.1
D1 Top D2
FLUVIAL
D3
Top E1
E1 Top E2
E2 Top F
F
Base F.
23.8 Cambrian/Cretaceous sedimentary rocks
Unconformity
AREA SHOWN
Karazhanbasmunai
POLAND BELARUS
Pavlodar
R U S S I Samara
A
O renburg
UKRAINE
O rsk
KAZAKHSTAN
Karazhanbas
MOLDOVA
ROMANIA
Volgograd
O dessa
Field Balkhash
Lake
Sea of
Azov Tikhoretsk Atyrau
Astrakhan
BULGARIA Novorossiysk
Burgas Almaty
BLACK Aral
Tuapse Sea
Bosp
orus SEA Bishkek
Istanbul Aktau KYRGYZSTAN
Aegean Se
M akhachkala UZ Shymkent
Horizontal Wells and Cold Production
ARMENIA
Baku
AZERBAIJAN Turkmenbashy TAJIKISTAN
AZERB
Ceyban TURKMENISTAN
Neka
MEDITERRANEAN Tehran
SEA INDIA
LEBANON
SYRIA
Baghdad
AFGHANISTAN
ISRAEL
IRAQ IRAN O il Pipeline
JORDAN Proposed oil pipeline
Tanker route
Atyrau
Astrakhan
PreCaspian Basin
TENGIZ
CASPIAN Tengiz
SEA ARMAN
Horizontal Wells and Cold Production
(Kerr-McGee)
N. BUZACHI
(Texaco)
KALAMKAS
(MMG)
KARAZHANBASSHELF
Karazhanbas
(NECL)
Roads
Oil Pipelines
Aktau
General Stratigraphy
KARAZHANBAS OILFIELD
Subsea 121 154 203 828 4073 710 715 2205 1747 2147
1732 91 53 1126 607 551 493 432 5389 1532 1536 1540 1543 1546 1549 1552 1555 1559 4382 43844386 4388 4406 2715 157 133 Subsea
Depth <2,016MTR> <1,916MTR> <1,236MTR> <1,003MTR> <689MTR> <763MTR> <406MTR> <554MTR> <504MTR> <458MTR> <461MTR> <403MTR> <513MTR> <494MTR> <816MTR> <599MTR> <878MTR> <591MTR> <597MTR> <450MTR> <450MTR> <449MTR> <450MTR> <452MTR> <598MTR> <389MTR> <897MTR> <1,667MTR> <2,929MTR> <2,035MTR> Depth
-225 -225
-250
Object 1 -250
-300
Object 3 -300
-325
Jurassic -325
313 A1
320
323
-350 325 -350
330 B
332
338
341 345 V
348
348 350 350
-375 -375
356 356 356 357
A1 358 361 360 360
362
G
B
-400 375 -400
380
V
D
395 396
-425 -425
G J1
Horizontal Wells and Cold Production
-450 -450
436 440
D
440
-475
J1s
-500 -500
484 480
509
-550
T
-550
541
J2o
-575 -575
-600 -600
J2l
-625 -625
-650
WT
630
West-East Regional Strike Section E -650
-675 -675
663
A_TOP
38%, 277 md
Field: Karazhanbas Well name: 3185
35%, 255md
30%, 255md
34%, 249md
A_BASE Elevation: -20.6m Date: 9/2/2001 Bottom: 433.0m
240
V_TOP
0 0.00 0.00 water
1 221.0 222.0 A1 1.0 1.0 4.4 0 0.00 0.00 water
0 0.00 0.00 water
V_BASE 2 B 0.8 0 0.00 0.00 water
3 V 1.4 0 0.00 0.00 water
260
G4_TOP
G_TOP
0 0.00 0.00 water
36%,
G4_BASE 59md 0 0.00 0.00 water
4 G 4.5
0 0.00 0.00 water
0 0.00 0.00 water
270
G2_TOP
7 307.0 321.0 14.0 14.0 0.17 0.36 784 0.08 0.92 30.0 clayey sandstone oil
G2_BASE
36%, 179md
G1_TOP 8 326.0 334.4 J1 8.4 8.4 38.0 0.28 0.36 502 0.12 0.88 15.0 aleurolite oil
37%,
G1_BASE
G_BASE
165md 9 341.0 343.0 2.0 2.0 0.33 0.34 279 0.17 0.83 8.8 aleurolite oil
345.4 348.8 3.4 3.4 0.22 0.34 231 0.19 0.81 7.2 clayey sandstone oil
290
10 348.8 351.0 2.2 2.2 0.19 0.36 420 0.13 0.87 12.0 clayey sandstone oil
351.0 354.2 3.2 3.2 0.18 0.37 356 0.15 0.85 9.0 clayey sandstone oil
11 369.4 370.0 0.6 0.6 0.17 0.37 28 0.38 0.62 1.8 clayey sandstone oil
12 371.0 372.0 1 1 3.6 0.54 0.30 24 0.40 0.60 2.8 clayey aleurolite oil
J2
300
13 373.0 374.4 1.4 1.4 0.19 0.36 46 0.34 0.66 2.5 clayey sandstone oil
D _TOP
D _BASE 14 379.0 389.0 10 10 0.19 0.36 0.61 0.39 0.9 clayey sandstone water
310
J 1U _TOP
34%, 87md
36%, 190md
36%, 232md
38%, 324md
34%, 98md experienced National Petrophysicist
330
38%, 322md
31%, 81md
J 1U35%,125md
_BASE
J 1M_TOP
35%,
J 1M_BASE 53md
350
Tactical decisions:
Update the drilling prognosis in real-time
Horizontal Wells and Cold Production
Communications
Multidisciplinary: geologists, drillers, engineers
Provision of knowledge to management
Tactical Decisions
Maximize reservoir intersection length >80%
Manage steering decisions (up, down, L, R)
Maximize rig utilization efficiency
Waiting and circulating is not an option
Provision of data at the rig site
Horizontal Wells and Cold Production
Well redesign
Optimizing redesign of zone choice
Choosing multilateral design (herringbone, etc)
Control Room
MWD data is displayed in real-time, along with earth model data, drilling parameters
Insite Data Management Tool
Real
data
from
MWD
Horizontal Wells and Cold Production
Horizontal Wells and Cold Production
Drilling pad
Horizontal Wells and Cold Production
Color-coded based on
desired parameter set
CP Horizontals in Venezuela
Ameriven Experience in Drilling
Max length of slotted liner 7312 ft
Max horizontal in 12 hrs 4657 ft
Max horizontal 1-day drilling 6115 ft
Max total L in one well 26,454 ft
Horizontal Wells and Cold Production
30
25
20
Horizontal Wells and Cold Production
15
10
5
PLAN
0
A5- A5- A5- A5- A5- A5- A5- A5- A5- B5- B5- B5- B5- B5- B5- B5- B5- B5- B5- B5- B5-
P01 P02 P03 P04 P05 P06 P07 P08 P09 P01 P02 P03 P04 P05 P06 P08 P09 P10 P11 P12 P13
175 155 155 175 125 155 125 125 125 125 255 255 175 175 155 155 155 125 125 125 125
Petrozuata Publications
Horizontal Wells and Cold Production
Upper zone:
D1-sand
Lower zone:
Waterflooding (?)
Surveillance
4-D seismic improvements
Deformation analysis for {DV} distribution
Use of Appropriate Technologies
In the Faja, Cold Production is used
Because they can! But only in best zones
RF of 11-13% in 50-60% of the zones, 0% in others