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Kremser-
Hunter-Nash
Single McCabe-Thiele Souders-Brown
General Design Graphical Cross-current
Mechanism Extraction Type Graphical Analytical
Considerations Equilibrium Extraction
Stage Method Analytical
Stage Model
Solution
Learning Objectives
1. Explain the mechanism of Liquid-Liquid Extraction
2. Enumerate the design considerations in Liquid-Liquid Extraction
3. Perform equilibrium and material balance calculations for Liquid-Liquid
Extraction
4. Perform single-stage and countercurrent multiple-contact stage liquid-
liquid extraction calculations
5. Perform cross-current extraction calculations
+ =+ = () ()
=
() () ()
= +
Extraction Factor, EB
F Feed A Carrier
Solvent Solute ()
S B
1
E Extract C Solvent = ()
=
R Raffinate XA Ratio of moles (or mass)
1 +
of A to moles (or mass)
of other components
CHE135-1P: SEPARATION PROCESSES 8
Single Extraction Stage
A feed of 13,500 kg/h consists of 8 wt% acetic acid in water. The removal of the acetic acid is to be
accomplished by liquid-liquid extraction at 25C with methyl isobutyl ketone solvent, because
distillation of the feed would require vaporization of large amounts of water. If the raffinate is to
contain only 1 wt% acetic acid, estimate the kilograms per hour of solvent required if a single
equilibrium stage is used. The distribution coefficient for this system is 0.657.
Tie Line
connecting equilibrium compositions for each
phase
Plait Point
point on the binodal locus where both liquid
phases attain the same composition (leads to
infinite number of stages)
1. Locate F and S
2. Define M = F + S
3. Use the Inverse Lever Arm Rule
to determine the compositions
One-phase region
Two-phase region
Tie lines
Difference Point:
intersection between 1 and
Tie Line
Operating Line
ln
=
ln + 1
Kremser-
Hunter-Nash
Single McCabe-Thiele Souders-Brown
General Design Graphical Cross-current
Mechanism Extraction Type Graphical Analytical
Considerations Equilibrium Extraction
Stage Method Analytical
Stage Model
Solution
Learning Objectives
1. Explain the mechanism of Liquid-Liquid Extraction
2. Enumerate the design considerations in Liquid-Liquid Extraction
3. Perform equilibrium and material balance calculations for Liquid-Liquid
Extraction
4. Perform single-stage and countercurrent multiple-contact stage liquid-
liquid extraction calculations
5. Perform cross-current extraction calculations