BIOLOGY

CONCEPTS & CONNECTIONS

Fourth Edition

Neil A. Campbell Jane B. Reece Lawrence G. Mitchell Martha R. Taylor

CHAPTER 23
Circulation

Modules 23.1 23.3

From PowerPoint Lectures for Biology: Concepts & Connections

Copyright 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
How Does Gravity Affect Blood Circulation?

As with all land animals, the giraffe and the

corn snake are constantly subject to the force of
gravity

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 The circulatory system
keeps blood pumping
despite gravitys pull

Muscle contractions help

blood travel uphill in the
veins of a giraffes long
legs
The wriggling of the corn
snake squeezes its veins
and increases circulation

Copyright 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

 Most animals have a circulatory system
It transports O2 and nutrients to cells
It takes away CO2 and other wastes

Copyright 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

23.1 The circulatory system associates intimately
with all body tissues

Capillaries are microscopic blood vessels

They form an intricate network among the tissue
cells

Capillary

Red
blood
cell

Figure 23.1A

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 No substance has to diffuse far to enter or leave
a cell

Capillary

Diffusion of
INTERSTITIAL molecules
FLUID

Tissue
cell

Figure 23.1B

Copyright 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

MECHANISMS OF INTERNAL TRANSPORT
23.2 Several types of internal transport have
evolved in animals

In cnidarians and
flatworms, the
gastrovascular cavity
functions in both
digestion
internal transport Mouth

Circular
canal

Figure 23.2A

Copyright 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

 Most animals have a separate circulatory
system, either open or closed

Open systems
A heart pumps blood through open-ended
vessels into spaces between cells

Tubular heart
Pores

Figure 23.2B

Copyright 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

 Closed systems
A heart pumps blood through arteries and
capillary beds
The blood returns to the heart via veins

Capillary beds
Arteriole

Artery
(O2-rich blood)

Venule

Vein

Atrium
Heart
Artery Ventricle
Gill
(O2-poor blood) Figure 23.2C
capillaries

Copyright 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

23.3 Vertebrate cardiovascular systems reflect
evolution
Gill capillaries

A fish has a single

circuit of blood flow

Heart:

Ventricle (V)

Atrium (A)

Systemic capillaries
Figure 23.3A
Copyright 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings
 The cardiovascular system of land vertebrates
has two circuits Lung capillaries

The pulmonary circuit

conveys blood between PULMONARY

the heart and gas- CIRCUIT

exchange tissues
A A

The systemic circuit V V

Right Left

carries blood between SYSTEMIC

CIRCUIT

the heart and the rest

of the body
Systemic capillaries Figure 23.3B

Copyright 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings