Influence Line Diagram for Two

Hinged Parabolic Arches

Unit load at distance kl from A

H
5kl
8 yc

1 2k k
2 3

K= 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5
 IL for BM at D

Unit load at AD at x
from A
M D VB l d H. yD
Unit load in BD at x
IL for BM from A
M D VA.d H. yD
IL for normal
thrust and
radial shear
(i) When unit load is
in AD
Normal Thrust
P = HcosD- VBsinD
Radial Shear
F = HsinD+VBsinD

(ii) When unit load is

in DB
Normal Thrust
P = HcosD+VAsinD
Radial Shear
F= HsinD- VAcosD
Influence Line for Propped cantilever
IL for RB
Remove support at B and apply
unit load at B
Section bet. A & B at x from B
M x 1 x
d2y
EI . 2 1 x
dx

Integrating,
IL for RB Eqn. For deflection is
x3 l 2 x l 3
EI . y
6 2 3
IL for RA
l3
At B, x = 0 , EIy B 3
 y
IL for RB, RB
yB
3 x3 l 2 x l 3
3
l 6 2 3
x 3 3x
3 1
2l 2l
IL for RA = 1 RB

3x x 3
3
2l 2l
IL for RB Put x/l = n
n 3 3n
RB 1
2 2
IL for RA
3n n 3
RA
2 2
IL for MA

IL for FD

IL for MD
Influence Line for Continous Beams
(Muller Breslau Theorem)
IL for RB
Unit Load at B,
Section bet. A & B at x
from A
x = 0 to a
Deflection at x,

y
Wbx 2
6 EIl

a 2ab x 2
1.bx 2
(a 2ab x 2 )
6 EIl

IL for RB a 2b 2
At x = a, y B
3EIl
 IL for RB over AB,
y'
RB
yB
Section bet. C & B at x
from C


'
1 a x '2
y
'
b 2ab x
2

6 EIl
IL for RB a 2b 2
At x=b, y B
3EIl

IL over BC for RB,

y'
RB
yB
 IL for RA
Unit Load at xfrom A
x = 0 to l
Moment about C,
RA l RB b 1 (l x )
IL for RA x RB .b
RA 1
l l

IL for RC
Moments about A
RC l RB a 1 x
x RB .a
IL for RC RC
l l
IL for MB

IL for FD

IL for MD
 INFLUENCE LINE FOR SIMPLY SUPPORTED
BEAM

x
IL for RA
A c B
RA x l =1 (l - x)
Z
l

RA =

1 x = 0 RA = 1
X = l RA = 0
IL for RA
 Contd..

IL for RB
RB x l = 1 x x

RB =
1
x = 0 RB =0
x=l RB = l
IL for RB
IL for SFC

Unit load in AC

SFC = -RB = -

X =0 SFC =0

X = z SFC = -

Unit load in BC

SFC= RA =


IL for SFC x=0 SFC =

X = l SFC = 0
 Contd..

IL for BMC

In AC

BMC = RB (l-z) = (l-z)

x= 0 BMC =0

( ) X=z BMC = (l-z)

In BC
IL for BMC
BMC = RA x z = ( ) z


x= z BMC = ( )z

X= l BMC =0
INFLUENCE LINE FOR OVER HANGING
BEAM
x
A C D B

z
l a

IL for RA

When load in AB

RA =

x = 0 RA = 1
X = l RA = 0
 Contd..

When load in BC
x
()
RA =

x = 0 RA = -a/l
X = a RA = 0

IL for RA
 Contd..

ILD for RB
LOAD IN AB

RB =

x = 0 RB = 0
+ X = l RB = 1
1
LOAD IN BC
A B C +
RB =
ILD for RB
+
x=0 RB =

X=l RB = 1
 Contd..
IL for RD
When load in AD
SFD=-RB =-x/l
X=0 SFD =0
X=z SFD = -z/l

When load in BD
SFD=RA =(l-x)/l


X=z SFD =(l-z)/l
X=l SFD = 0
IL for RD
When load in BC
SFD=RA =-(a-x)/l
X=0 SFD =(-a)/l
X=a SFD = 0
 ILD for BM @D Contd..

( )
LOAD IN BD

BMD= (z)

()
X =z, BMD =

X = l, BMD = 0
LOAD IN AD

BMD= (l-z)
LOAD IN BC
X =0, BMD =0 ()
() BMD= (z)
X = z, BMD =
()
X =0, BMD =

X = a, BMD = 0
 ILD FOR CANTILEVER BEAMS

A cantilever beam with a unit load at x

distance from free end

C x
A B
Z
L
ILD for RA

+ + ve 1
RA = 1, constant

ILD For RA

ILD for BMA BMA = -(l-x);Linear

variation
B
When x = 0
A
- VE
BMA= -l
l
When x = l
BMA = 0
ILD for BMA
ILD for SFC
When x<z
SFC=1 constant
HJHJHKJHJHJHJ
+ VE When x>z
A
C
B SFC=0
ILD for SFC

ILD for BMC

For x z
C
B MC=-1(z-x)
A
when x= 0; BMC = -z
--
-VE
when x= z; BMC = 0
For x>z
ILD FOR BMC BMC = 0; constant
S.S WITH MULTIPLE WHEEL LOADS
Max. -ve SFC When
all loads are left of C
Max. +ve SFC When
all loads are right of
C C

Max. BMC when the

critical load at C
Critical load change
avge. Intensity on left
side from higher to
lower value when
moving from left to
right of a section
 Contd..
R
.
w1 w2 w3 w4

d/2
d

Absolute maximum occurs under the load, which is

nearest to R, when the mid span bisects distance
between the load and the resultant
 ILD for udl

Udl > span Max. ve SF when head of load at C

Max. +ve SF when tail of load at C
Absolute Max BM when load at C
Absolute Max BMC = .5 X l x l/4
=wl2 / 8

Udl < span Max. ve SF when head of load at C

Max. +ve SF when tail of load at C
x
d Maximum BMC

l =
z

A C
Absolute maximum BM when z =
B
l/2
 ILD FOR TRUSSES
u1 u2 u3 u4 u5

L0 L1 L2 L3 L4 L5 L6

R1 R2
a
6xa

L0 L6
ILD for force in R1

L0 L6
ILD for force in R2
 ILD For Top Chord Members
ILD for force in L0u1
At L0, V = 0
L0 L1 L6
PL0u1 = -R1/ sin
5
6
cosec When unit load at L0, PL0u1 = 0
When unit load at L1, PL0u1 = (5/6)cosec
When unit load at L6, PL0u1 = 0
ILD for force in L0u1 Varying linearly in between
ILD for force in u1u2
L0 L2 L6 Taking moment about L2
Pu1u2= (R1x4a)/h
4
When unit load at L0, Pu1u2=0
3
When unit load at L2,
Pu1u2=(2/6)x(4a/h) = (4/3)(a/h)
ILD for force in u1u2
When unit load at L6
R1=0 Pu1u2= 0
 ILD For Bottom Chord Members
ILD for force in L0L1
At L0,
= 0 PL0u1= R1/sin
5
H = 0 PL0L1= R1cot
6
When unit load at L1, PL0L1=
L0 L1 L6
(5/6)cot
ILD for force in L0L1

ILD for force in L1L2

Consider a section 1-1
5
Mu1 =0 PL1L2= R2x(5a/h)
6
When unit load at L0, PL1L2=0
L0 L1 L6
When unit load at L1,
ILD for force in L1L2
PL1L2=5a/6h =(5/6)cot
 Contd..

4
3

L0 L2
ILD for force in L2L3

ILD for Diagonal Members

4

6
L0 1
ILD for force in u1L2
6

3

6
L0 L2
2

6
ILD for force in u2L3
ILD for Vertical Members

L0 L1 L2 L6

ILD for force in u1L1

2
L3 L6
6
L0 L2 3
6

ILD for force in u1L2

 PROBLEM 1
100kN

Solution
Find out maximum shear force
A c and bending moment at 5m
from left support. Also find
B absolute maximum BM and SF
5m 15m

ILD for shear at C

IL ordinate to right of C=

20 5
0.75 = = 0.75
20

IL ordinate to the left of C =
0.25
5
= = 0.25
20
 Contd..

Maximum positive shear force at a section C (when load just

right to C) ,
Max. SFC = load x ordinate
= 100 x .75 = 75 kN
Maximum negative shear force at C (when load just left to C) ,
-Max. SFC = 100 x .25 = 25 kN

ILD for BM at C
( )
IL ordinate =

5 X 15
3.75m = = 3.75
20
Max.BMC (When load at C)
= 100 X 3.75 =375 kNm
 Contd..

Max. +ve SF will be at A

1 Max. +v SF = 1x100 =100kN

ILD for RA

Max. -ve SF will be at B

1 Max. -v SF = -1x100 =-100kN

ILD for RB

Max. BM will be at midspan

5 Max. BM = 5x100 =500kNm

ILD for BM at midspan

PROBLEM 2
W4 W3 W2 W1
120 160 160 120

2m 2m 2m C

Calculate the maximum bending moment at a point 10 m

from left support. Also calculate the position and value of
the absolute maximum bending moment.
 solution Contd..

X = 3.23m
x
BM at 10 m
w4 w3 w2 w1
Assume w2 is critical,so keep it
left
Wleft=80+160+160 =400
C 400 120
= 32(+ve)
10 15
When w2 moved right
80+160 160+120
- =5.33(+ve)
10 15
80 160 160 120 When w3 moved right
80 160+160+120
- =-21.33(-ve)
10 15
Sign changed W3 is critical
Max. BM when w3 at C
24 6 26 22
5 5
Max. BMC = (24/5)x80 + 6x160
5 + (26/5)x160 + (22/5)x120
= 2704 kNm.
 `
Absolute max. BM
when w2 and R
are equi distance
from mid point.
Absolute BM
= 4.31x80 +
4.31 5.27
6.24
5.21
5.27x160 + 6.24x160
+ 5.21x120
=2811.6kNm
 PROBLEM 3
Calculate the maximum SF and BM at a section 6m from left

40 kN/m
5m

A C B
6m
15m

Solution
9
15 Max. ve shear force =corresponding
area of shear force diagram * load
6
15 5 6 1
= * ( + ) *40 =46.67 kN
2 15 15
 Contd..

6
9
6X15 6
4X15 6X15

6
= =
Max. +ve shear force 5 15
x = 2m
= corresponding area of
shear force diagram * load Max BM
5 9 4 2 36 54
= * ( + ) * 40 = 86.67kN = ( + ) * 40
2 15 15 2 15 15
= 240kNm
 PROBLEM 4
Calculate the maximum positive and negative BM at a
section 12m from left due to moving load of 6kN, for a
two hinged parabolic arch with varying moment of
inertia I=I0sec .

8m

A D C B
12m
40m
Solution
3.064m
(-)
(+) D
6.56m 10.416
8.4m

O
IL for BM at D

() 12 28
Maximum positive BM = = = 8.4m
40
4()
yD = = 6.72m
2
25
Maximum negative BM ordinate = = 6.56m
128
 Maximum positive BM at D
12
K= = =.3
40
il ordinate at D =8.4 OD
5l 2 540
OD = k(1-k)(1+k-k )y = .3(.7)(1+.3-.32 )6.7 = 5.336m
8r 88
ilo = 8.4 5.336 = 3.064m
BM at D = 3.064 X 6 =18.38kNm
Maximum -ve BM IL ordinate will occur between C and
B.
5l 8.4 40(1)
At any x, Mu = k(1-k)(1+k-k 2 )y
8
- 28
3 4
Mu = 21(k-2 + )-12(1-k)

For max Mu, =0 k=.7

Mu(max) = 1.736 Max ve BM = 1.736 * 6 = 10.416 kNm