These are pulp- protecting material

CAUSES OF PULPAL IRRITATION

- Chemical irritation [chemicals present in restorative
material]
- Marginal leakage [due to poor bonding percolation]
- Thermal sensitivity [passage of heat due to
thermal fluctuations]
- Galvanic shock/pain [due to presence of two
dissimilar metals coming in contact]
 These are the materials used to coat the walls
and floors of the prepared cavity to protect
the underlying dentin & pulp from thermal &
chemical insult.
These are of two types:
- Cavity liners
- Cavity varnishes
IDEAL REQUIREMENTS
- Bacteriostatic
- Provide electrical and thermal insulation
- Prevent discoloration of tooth structure
- Prevent penetration of chemical ions from
restorative materials to dentin & pulp
- Prevent marginal leakage at tooth restoration
interface
- Anticariogenic property
- Chemical bonding to tooth structure
 Used to provide barrier against the passage
of irritants from cement or other restorative
materials.
Reduce the penetration of oral fluids at the
restoration tooth interface into underlying
dentin thereby protecting the dentin and
pulp.
Provide some therapeutic benefits to the pulp
and reduce the sensitivity of freshly cut
dentin
 SUSPENSION OR LIQUID CAVITY LINER
Suspension of Ca(OH)2 or ZnOE in organic
solvent such as methyl ethyl ketone or ethyl
alcohol or an aq. Solution of ethyl cellulose
- Upon evaporation of volatile solvents the
liner forms thin film on the surface of the
prepared cavity
 PASTE CAVITY LINERS
- Two paste system [base & reactor]
e.g. Ca(OH)2 [dycal], ZnOE liner [type IV]
- Single paste with solvent
e.g. Ca(OH)2 paste & a solvent, methyl cellulose
- Single paste system
e.g. light activated Ca(OH)2, DYCAL

P/L SYSTEM
e.g. Glass ionomer liner [type III]
ZnOE liner [type IV]
 Liquid cavity liners or suspension liners used as
cavity liners which neutralize phosphoric acid
containing cements.
Paste liners used in deep cavities where pulp
exposure is likely to take place.

MANIPULATION
As they are fluid in nature, can be painted on the
walls and floors of the prepared cavity using cotton
pledgets.
The solvent evaporates quickly and leave a thin
residue that provides protection for the underlying
pulp.
 Used to provide barrier against the passage of
irritants from the restorative materials
Reduce the penetration of oral fluids at the
restoration tooth interface into the pulp.

COMPOSITION
Natural gum or copal resin or rosin or a synthetic
resin [nitrated cellulose] dissolved in organic
solvents such as acetone, chloroform or ether.
- When applied to the walls, solvent evaporates and
leaves a thin resinous film on the surface that
protects the underlying tooth structure.
 Reduce marginal leakage around most restorative
material and esp. silver amalgam.
Protects the pulp from irritation by chemicals in the
restorative materials.
Blocks the penetration of metallic ions from
amalgam restoration to the adjoining dentin and
enamel & reduces tooth discoloration.

NOTE:-
These materials cannot give protection against
electrical or thermal agents because of their low
thickness & strength
 GIC & silicate cement:- bcoz it eliminates the
potential for chemical adhesion and reduces
anticariogenic effect.
Composite resin:- bcoz it inhibits the
polymerization mechanism of resin and results in
softening of resin.

MANIPULATION
- Dip a small cotton pledgets held with pliers, into
varnish and thoroughly paint all the cavity walls.
- 2-3 successive applications should be made to
reduce the possibility of voids and produce more
continuous layer
 The repeated opening of the bottle causes
evaporation of solvent resulting in thick
unused varnish.
If cement base is acidic in nature, varnish
must be applied to the dentin first to protect
the pulp from acid in the cement.
If base provide a sedative effect such as ZnOE
cement, Ca(OH)2, base should be applied to
the dentin first and then varnish over it.
 These are the materials applied onto the
exposed dentin, in a sufficiently thick layer
[0.75- 2 mm] to protect the underlying pulp
from external, chemical, thermal, electrical &
mechanical [ such as condensation of amalgam
& biting forces] insults
 Should be bacteriostatic, obtundent, anticariogenic
Promotes formation of reparative or secondary
dentin
Provide electrical, thermal insulation under metallic
restorations[ i.e. good insulators]
Prevent the penetration of harmful chemical ions
from the cement.
Should have sufficient strength to withstand
condensation forces of amalgam or bbiting forces.
Thickness of approx 1.5 mm is needed for effective
insulation.
I. ACCORDING TO STRENGTH PROPERTIES:
- Low strength bases
e.g. Ca(OH)2 cements, ZnOE cement [used as pulp
capping]
- High strength bases
e.g. kalginol, ZnPO4 cements, ZnPolyC, GIC etc
[provide thermal, electrical insulation and
mechanical support to above restoration]

II. ACCORDING TO ITS CHEMICAL NATURE:

- Acidic: GIC, ZnPO4, ZnPolyC cements
- Neutral: ZnOE cements, Kalginol
- Alkaline: Ca(OH)2 cement
III. ACCORDING TO METHOD OF DISPENSING:
- P/L system: ZnOE, ZnPO4, ZnPolyC, Ca(OH)2
cements
- Single paste system: light activated Ca(OH)2
cement
- Two paste system: Ca(OH)2 cement & ZnOE
cement