Engine Technology

DIESEL INJECTION SYSTEM

Diesel Engine
Diesel Fuel
Diesel fuel comes from the middle distillate group, which has properties and
characteristics different from gasoline
Diesel fuel properties and characteristic

1. Viscosity measure of a fluid's resistance to flow

2. Wax Appearance Point and Pour Point Temperature
3. Volatility
4. Cetane Number or Rating
5. Diesel Fuel Grades

High Pressure Diesel Fuel Injection

All diesel engines use a high pressure fuel injection system that differs from
gasoline fuel injection systems
 Engine Technology
DIESEL INJECTION
DIESEL INJECTION SYSTEMSYSTEM

Diesel Engine
Combustion Cycle in a diesel engine
1. The delay period an initial delay as the fuel changes from a liquid state to a
vapor or gas state
2. The uncontrolled burning period the fuel already injected into the chamber
 Engine Technology
DIESEL
DIESEL INJECTION
INJECTION SYSTEM SYSTEM

Diesel Engine
Combustion Cycle Combustion in a diesel engine
3. The controlled burning period the injector continues to feed fuel into
the combustion chamber
4. The after burning period all the remaining fuel in chamber continues to
bum until it is consumed
 DIESEL INJECTION
Engine SYSTEM
Technology
DIESEL INJECTION SYSTEM
Diesel Engine

Combustion of diesel fuel is not identical under all conditions & depends on:

1. Injector timing
2. Length of time (or pulse width) of injection
3. Position of injector nozzle
4. Injection pressure
5. Vaporization of fuel
6. Distribution of fuel in the combustion chamber

four most commonly used fuel injection pumps system

1. Inline fuel injection pumps system

- row cam actuated pumping elements, one for each engine cylinder
- commonly used in diesel engines for heavy commercial vehicles
 Engine Technology
DIESEL
DIESEL INJECTION
INJECTION SYSTEMSYSTEM

Diesel Engine

2. Distributor type injection pump system

- Serves several engine cylinders by one or two plungers from which the
fuel is directed to each cylinder by a distributor system
- This type of pump is used maximum on cars & light commercial vehicles

3. Unit injection system

- A combined pump and injection unit. Each unit serves one cylinder.
Engine camshaft actuates all these
- Unit injection seems to become most widely used system in the future
to combat exhaust emissions

4. Common rail of high pressure supply system

- Used small accumulation tank called Rail where the pressure of the fuel
remains almost constant and always available in order to supply the
electronic injectors
 Engine
DIESEL Technology
INJECTION SYSTEM

Diesel Engine
CI Engine Fuel Supply System

main components of the fuel system

1. fuel tank
2. fuel pipes / lines
3. coarse filter
4. fuel feed pump
5. fine filter
6. high pressure pump
7. injector