Types of DC Generators

Self-excited Generators
Self-excited generators are those whose field magnets are
energized by the current produced by the generators themselves.
Due to residual magnetism, there is always present some flux in
the poles.
When the armature is rotated, some emf and hence some
induced current is produced which is partly or fully passed
through the field coils thereby strengthening the residual pole
flux.
There are three types of self-excited generators named according
to the manner in which their field coils (or windings) are
connected to the armature.
Shunt Wound
Series Wound
Compound Wound
Self-excited Generators
 Shunt Field Generators
The field windings are connected across or in
parallel with the armature conductors and
have the full voltage of the generator applied
across them.
Shunt Field Generators
 Series Field Generators
The field windings are joined in series with the
armature conductors.
As they carry full load current, they consist of
relatively few turns of thick wire or strips.
Such generators are rarely used except for
special purposes.
Series Field Generators
 Compound Generator
Compound Generators is a combination of a few series
and a few shunt windings and can be either short or
long shunt.
The shunt field is stronger than the series field.
When the magnetic flux produced by series field assist
(aids) the magnetic flux produced by shunt field, the
generator is said to be Cumulatively Compound
Wound generator
If the series filed flux opposes the shunt field, the
generator is said to be Differentially Compounded.
Short Shunt Compound Generator
The shunt field winding is connected in
parallel with the armature winding only while
the series field are connected in series with
the load.
Short Shunt Compound Generator
 Long Shunt Compound Generator
The shunt field winding is in parallel with both
armature and series field winding.
The series field winding is connected in series
with the armature while the shunt field
windings are connected across the series
combination.
Long Shunt Compound Generator
 Example:
Shunt, Series, Short Shunt and Long-Shunt DC generator
1) A shunt generator supplies a 20kW load at
200 V through cables of resistance, R =
100m . If the field winding resistance,
Rf=50 and the armature resistance,
Ra=40m , determine
a) Load current
b) Shunt field current
c) Armature current
d) Terminal voltage at the load
e) Generated emf in the armature
2) A 4-pole dc shunt generator with a shunt field
resistance of 100 and an armature resistance
of 1 has 378 wave connected conductors in
its armature. The flux per pole is 0.02 Wb. If a
load resistance of 10 is connected across
the armature terminals and the generator is
driven at 1000 rpm, calculate the power
absorbed by the load.
3) A 125 V dc series generator delivering a load
of 5kW. The armature and series field
resistances are 0.05 and 0.08 ohms respectively.
Determine
a) Series field current
b) Current in the armature
c) Generated voltage when there is a brush
drop of 2V.
4) A 20 kw, 250 V dc series generator has
armature and field winding of 0.4 and 0.8 ohms
respectively.
a)Determine the terminal voltage.
b) Determine the terminal voltage if the flux is
reduced by 20% and speed is increased by
10%.
5) The 250 V dc generator is to be used to deliver
20kW to its load. The armature series field and shunt
field resistances are 0.04,0.09 and 50 ohms
respectively. Determine
a) Series field current
b) Shunt field current
c) Armature current
d) Generated emf
e) The generated power if the connection is short
shunt compound generator
f) The generated power if the connection is Long
shunt compound generator
6) A short shunt compound generator supplies 80 A at
200 V. If the field resistance, Rsh = 40, the series
resistance, Rse=0.02 and the armature resistance,
Ra=0.04 , determine the emf generated.

7) A short shunt compound generator has an

armature, shunt field and series field resistances of
0.02 , 80 and 0.03 respectively. The
generators induced emf is 510 V when the terminal
voltage is 500V. How much load current is delivered
under this condition.
8) A short-shunt compound generator delivers a load
current of 30 A at 220V and has armature, series field and
shunt field resistances of 0.05 , 0.3 , and 200
respectively. Calculate the induced emf and the
armature current. Allow 1 V per brush contact drop.

9) In a 120V compound generator; the resistances of the

armature, shunt, and series winding are 0.06 , 25 , and
0.04 respectively. The load current is 100 A at 120V.
Find the induced emf and the armature current when
the machine is connected as
a) Long shunt compound generator
b) Short shunt compound generator
10) A 4 pole, lap wound, long-shunt, dc
compound generator has useful flux per pole of
0.07 Wb. The armature winding consist of 220
turns and the resistance per turn is 0.004 ohms.
Calculate the terminal voltage if the resistance of
shunt and series field are 100 ohms and 0.02
ohms respectively; when the generator is running
at 900 rpm with armature current of 50 A. Also
calculate the power output in kW for the
generator.
11) A short shunt dc compound generator
supplies 200 A at 100 V. The resistance of
armature, series field and shunt field windings
are 0.4, 0.03 and 60 ohms respectively.
a) Find the emf generated.
b) Also find the emf generated if same machine
is connected as a long shunt dc compound
generator.