Instrumentation &

Control
in Water Treatment

Presented By: Sunil Panchal

Objective

To explain general scope of Instrumentation & Control in

Water Treatment Projects

To explain type of instruments used for different

applications in water treatment process

To explain PLC control scheme for water treatment plants

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Contents

Field Instrumentation
Pressure Measurement

Level Measurement

Flow Measurement

Analyzers

Control & Automation

Programmable Logic Controller (PLC)

Human Machine Interface (HMI)

Motor control through PLC

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Pressure Measurement

Pressure Gauge:
Purpose:
Local Indication

Type :(a) Bourden Type (b) Capsule Type

Material :(a) Body - Die Case Aluminium/SS
(b) Wetted Parts SS316 / Monel
Dial Size : 100 / 150 / 200 mm
Accessories : Snubber, Capillary, Gauge Cock,
Diaphragm Chem. Seal
Vendors : A.N. Instu., GIC, Waaree, H-Guru etc.
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Pressure Measurement

Pressure Switch:

Purpose:

Alarm or interlock

at preset Pressure

Type : (a) Diaphragm (b) Bellows

Material : (a) Housing Die Cast Aluminium

(b) Wetted Parts SS316 / Monel

Switching : Through Micro switches

Suppliers : Switzer, Indfos, Waareee, GIC etc.

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Pressure Measurement

Pressure Transmitter:

Purpose:

To create a signal

proportional to pressure for

PLC interlock and remote display.

Output : 4 20 mA analog signal

Material : (a) Housing Die Cast Aluminium

(b) Wetted Parts SS316/Monel/Hastelloy

Local Display: Available

Suppliers : Emerson, Honeywell, ABB, Siemens, E&H

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Flow Measurement

DP type Flow Transmitter:

Measures flow through Flow Vs. DP relations

Consists of (1) Primary Element: Orifice Assembly

(2) Secondary Element: DP Transmitter

Orifice : Creates Diff. Pressure from flowing medium

which is measure at DP transmitter and related to

flow.

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Flow Measurement

Magnetic Flow Transmitter:

Works on Faradays law of electromagnetic

induction. As per that induced e.m.f. (e) in a
conductor (liquid) is proportional to its velocity (v)
and Flow is proportional to velocity.

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Flow Measurement

Electromagnetic Flow Transmitter:

Construction
Body: Carbon Steel / SS316
Electrode: SS316 / Hastelloy-C / Titanium
Lining Material: PTFE / Neoprene
Accuracy: 0.1 to 0.5%
Applications
Conductive liquids, Corrosive and Slurry services
Limitations:
Minimum allowable conductivity: 5 - 20 S/cm

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Flow Measurement

Other Types of Flow Meters:

Variable Area Type (Rotameter)

Turbine Type Flow Meter

Ultrasonic Type Flow Meter

Vortex Type Flow Meter

Mass Flow Meter

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Level Measurment

Level Gauges

Type: Tubular/Reflex/Transparent

Mounting: Side-Side

Body and Cover MOC: CS / SS

Wetted Parts: SS316 / PP

Application: Tank level indication

in clear liquid above ground tanks

Suppler: Levcon / SBEM / Chemtrols / Pune

Techtrol/ V. Automat

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Level Measurement

Level Switch:
Type: Float / Displacer
Mounting: Side or Top
Connection: Flanged
Material: SS304/SS316/PP
Switch: Reed Switch
Application: High/Low level alarm/interlock in Clean
liquid atmospheric tanks
Suppliers: Levcon / SBEM / Chemtrols / Pune
Techtrol/ V. Automat

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Level Transmitter

DP type Level Transmitter:

Principle: Measurement of liquid head

through diff. Pressure

Connection: Bottom of the tank

Wetted Parts: SS316/Hastelloy-C/Monel

Local Indication: LCD Digital

Application: Atm. Liquid tanks above ground

Suppliers: Emerson / ABB / E&H / Siemens /

Honeywell / Yokogawa

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Level Measurement

Ultrasonic Type Level Transmitter:

Principle: Time of flight of sound

Mounting:Top

Material: PBT/PVDF

Accuracy: 3 mm

Application: Corrosive/dirty services, sumps/under

ground tanks

Suppliers: Siemens / Emerson / E&H / Krohne /

VEGA

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Level Measurment

Radar Type Level Transmitter

Principle: Time of flight of light

Mounting: Top

Material: SS316/Hastelloy-C/Monel

Accuracy: 3 mm

Application: For very accurate result even in vapors,

temp. variations

Suppliers :Siemens / E&H / Emerson / Krohne /

VEGA

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Liquid Analyzers

pH / Conductivity / ORP Analyzers:

Measurement: Flow Through

Sensor: Electrode

Sensor Material:
Conductivity : SS316L/Titanium

pH / ORP : Glass

Temp. Compensation: Automatic through PT-100

Transmitter : Microprocessor based

Output Signal : 4-20 mA at 24 VDC

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Liquid Analyzers

Suppliers: E&H / Honeywell / Emerson / ABB /

Polymetron
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Control & Automation

Objective: To optimize, monitor and safeguard the

plant equipments and process.

Options:
Relay based control

PLC control

DCS control

Commonly used in water treatment: PLC control

Consists of (a) PLC control panel (b) PC based

workstations or Hard-wired control desk (c)
Interfacing with field instruments and MCC

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PLC Control

Specifications and Feature:

Redundancy Requirement

Nos. of IOs ( DI/DO/AI/AO )

Scan Time

Expansion Capacity

Hot swappable modules

Nos. of IOs per module

Suppliers: Siemens / Allen Bradley / GE Fanuc /

Schneider / ABB

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PLC Control

Some understanding:
DI : On/Off contact as signal from filed to PLC
(i.e. pressure/level/flow/limit switches,
pushbutton, MCC contacts)
DO: On/Off command from PLC to field/MCC
(i.e. Motor on/off, Valve open/close, alarm)
AI : 4-20 mA analog signal from field to PLC
(i.e. Transmitters, Analyzers, Positioner)
AO : 4-20 mA analog command from PLC to field
(i.e. Control Valve throttling)

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PLC Control

Control Logic Execution:

CPU IO Modules
DI AI DO AO

Logic

Execution

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PLC Control

2/4 Line HMI

Graphic HMI

HMI Options

Touch Screen SCADA

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PLC Control

SCADA Workstations:

PC based HMIs for operator interface with PLC

With Process Data control and Acquisition

Features:
Dynamic Graphic Display

Routine Logs

Real Time Trends

Alarm Display

Print reports

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Typical PLC Control Schematic

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SCADA Graphic Screen ( Overview )

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SCADA Graphic Screen ( Individual )

SCADA Graphic Screen

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Motor Control through PLC

PLC

MCC

Motor
LPBS
OWS

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 Thank You

Together We CanTogether We will

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