ANATOMY OF THE

SKIN, NOSE AND

EAR

ERWI SASWITA
THE SKIN

the largest organ of the body

with its accessory organs (hair, glands, and

nails), it constitutes the integumentary system.

It has adaptive modifications that accommodate

protective or metabolic functions.
 THE SKIN

In its role as a dynamic interface between the

continually changing external environment
and the bodys internal environment

the skin helps maintain homeostasis.

LAYERS OF THE SKIN

The skin consists of two principal layers

epidermis is stratified into four or five structural

layers
dermis consists of two layers.

The hypodermis (subcutaneous tissue)

connects the skin to underlying organs.
LAYERS OF THE SKIN
Epidermis

The names and characteristics of the

epidermal layers :
1. Stratum basale (basal layer)

2. Stratum spinosum (spiny layer)

3. Stratum granulosum (granular layer)

4. Stratum lucidum (clear layer)

5. Stratum corneum (hornlike layer)

Layers of the Epidermis
Dermis

Elastic and collagenous fibers within the dermis are

arranged in definite patterns

producing lines of tension in the skin and providing

skin tone

elastic fibers in the dermis of a young person more

than an elderly one

a decreasing number of elastic fibers is apparently

associated with aging.
 dermis

The extensive network of blood vessels in the

dermis provides

nourishment to the living portion of the epidermis.

The dermis also contains many sweat glands, oil-

secreting glands, nerve endings, and hair follicles.
Layers of the Dermis
stratum papillarosum

contact with the epidermis

accounts for about one-fifth of the entire dermis

Extend from the upper portion of the dermis into the

epidermis.

Papillae form the base for the friction ridges on the fingers
and toes.
stratum reticularosum

Fibers within this layer are more dense and regularly

arranged to form a tough, flexible meshwork.

evident in pregnant women or obese individuals, can

be stretched too far, repair of a strained dermal area
called a stretch mark, or linea albicans

Lineae albicantes are frequently found on

thebuttocks, thighs, abdomen, and breasts
Nose

the alae are the flared parts lateral to the

nostrils

the dorsum is the ridge between the tip

of the nose and forehead

and the bridge of the nose is where the

dorsum meets the forehead
Nose
Bony components

the nasal part of the frontal bone the nasal bones,

the portions of the maxillae

bordering the piriform aperture
provide a firm foundation for the
cartilaginous components of the
nose
Cartilaginous components

a. Lateral process of the septal cartilage:

triangular plate supporting

the side of the nose; articulates

superiorly with the nasal bone and

fuses to the septal cartilage in the midline

 Cartilaginous components

b. Major alar cartilage: U-shaped plate;

composed of a lateral crus that

supports the ala and a medial crus

which forms the anteroinferior

part of the nasal septum with its fellow

of the opposite side
Skeleton of the nose.
 Vestibule
region

Nasal
Cavity
Respiratory Olfactory
region region
Medial Walls

a. Composed of the nasal septum

b. Formed posterosuperiorly and posteroinferiorly by the perpendicular

plate of the ethmoid bone and vomer, respectively; anteriorly, it is
formed by the septal cartilage and the medial crura of the major
alar cartilages

c. Clinical note: a deviated nasal septum is common

Lateral wall

1. Curved bony processes comprising most of the lateral

nasal wall; their associated mucosa cleanses, warms, and
humidifies the air

2. The superior and middle nasal conchae are processes of

the ethmoid bone; the inferior nasal concha is a separate
bone of the skull

3. The spaces inferior and lateral to the superior, middle, and

inferior nasal conchae are the superior, middle, and inferior
meatuses, respectively; the space above as well as behind
the superior nasal concha is the sphenoethmoidal recess
BLOOD SUPPLY NASAL SEPTUM
A.etmoidalis anterior dan
posterior
A.sfenopalatina
A. palatina mayor dan A.
labialis superior
Plexus Kiesselbach

Venous on the nose has

the similar name and side
by side with artery
INNERVATION NASAL SEPTUM

N. etmoidalis anterior,
which is branch N.
Nasosiliaris, origin from
N.Oftalmikus (n. V-1)
Sfenopalatinum Ganglia
sensoric from N. Maxila (n.
V-2), parasimpatic dari N.
Petrosus profundus

N.olfaktorius
Ear
External Ear

A. Auricle
1. Bordered primarily by the rimlike helix,
as well as by the pendulous lobule
inferiorly, and the pointed tragus
anteriorly; its central fossa is termed the
concha
2. Except for the lobule, it is supported by
the auricular cartilage
 .External Ear

Nerve supply: lesser occipital, great auricular, and

auriculotemporal nerves and the auricular branch of
the vagus nerve

Blood supply: posterior auricular and superficial

temporal vessels

Function: collects sound waves and channels them

into the external acoustic meatus
The formation of the outer ear

Begin at week 4 and perfect at week 28

From the fifth week of gestation, three hillocks arise on

the first branchial (mandibular) arch (hillocks 1, 2, 3)

three arise on the second branchial (hyoid) arch

(hillocks 4, 5, and 6) on either side of the first branchial
cleft
hillock 1, tragus

hillock 2, crus helicis

hillock 3, ascending helix

hillock 4, horizontal helix, upper portion of scapha, and

antihelix

hillock 5, descending helix, middle portion of the

scapha, and Antihelix

hillock 6, antitragus and inferior aspect of the helix

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