Forceps delivery

Prepared by:
Jhezel Grace E. Arafol
Forceps are instruments designed
to aid in the delivery of the fetus
by applying traction to the fetal
head. Many different types of
forceps have been described and
developed.
Generally, forceps consist
of 2 mirror image
Metal instruments
that are maneuvered
to cradle the fetal
head and are articulated,
after which traction is applied to
effect delivery.
4 Major Components of Forceps

Blades
The blades grasp the fetus. Each blade has a
curve to fit around the fetal head. The blades
are oval or elliptical and can be fenestrated
(with a hole in the middle) or solid.
 Shanks
The shanks connect the blades to
the handles and provide the length
of the device. They are either
parallel or crossing.
 Lock
The lock is the articulation between
the shanks. Many different types
have been designed.
 Handles
The handles are where the operator
holds the device and applies traction
to the fetal head.
Forceps may be necessary with any of
the following conditions
A woman is unable to push with contractions in the
pelvic division of labor

Cessation of descent in the second stage of labor

occurs

Fetus is in an abnormal position

Fetus is in distress from a complication such as a

prolapsed cord
 Before forceps are applied
Membranes must be ruptured

CPD must not be present

Cervix must be fully dilated

The womans bladder must be empty

 Reminders!
Record the FHR before forceps application

Womans cervix needs to be carefully

assessed after forceps birth

Record the time and amount of the first

voiding

Forceps birth may leave a transient

erythematous mark on the newborns cheek