Lecture 5: (Chapter 4)(WEEK 8)

Exercise
Metabolism
EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGY
Theory and Application to Fitness and Performance, 5 th
edition
Scott K. Powers & Edward T. Howley

Presentation revised and updated by

MOHD SANI MADON (PhD)
ALI MD NADZALAN
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1
Objectives
Discuss the relationship between exercise
intensity/duration and the bioenergetic
pathways
Define the term oxygen deficit
Define the term lactate threshold
Discuss several possible mechanisms for the
sudden rise in blood-lactate during
incremental exercise
List the factors that regulate fuel selection
during different types of exercise

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Objectives
Explain why fat metabolism is
dependent on carbohydrate metabolism
Define the term oxygen debt
Give the physiological explanation for
the observation that the O2 dept is
greater following intense exercise when
compares to the O2 debt following light
exercise

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Rest-to-Exercise Transitions
ATP production increases immediately
Oxygen uptake increases rapidly
Reaches steady state within 1-4 minutes
After steady state is reached, ATP
requirement is met through aerobic ATP
production
Initial ATP production through
anaerobic pathways
ATP-PC system
Glycolysis
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Rest-to-Exercise Transitions
Oxygen deficit
Lag in oxygen uptake at the beginning of
exercise
Suggests anaerobic pathways contribute
to total ATP production
After steady state is reached, ATP
requirement is met through aerobic
ATP production

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The Oxygen Deficit

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Comparison of Trained and
Untrained Subjects

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Differences in VO2 Between
Trained & Untrained Subjects

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SUMMARY

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RECOVERY

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Oxygen Debt

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EPOC is Greater Following
Higher Intensity Exercise

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Oxygen Deficit and Debt During
Light-Moderate and Heavy Exercise

Fig 4.3
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 Removal of Lactic Acid
Following Exercise

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Upward Drift in Oxygen Uptake
During Prolonged Exercise

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 Changes in Oxygen Uptake
With Incremental Exercise

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 Lactate Threshold
The point at which blood lactic acid
suddenly rises during incremental exercise
Also called the anaerobic threshold
Mechanisms for lactate threshold
Low muscle oxygen
Accelerated glycolysis
Recruitment of fast-twitch muscle fibers
Reduced rate of lactate removal from the blood
Practical uses in prediction of performance
and as a marker of exercise intensity
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 Identification of the
Lactate Threshold

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 Mechanisms to Explain the
Lactate Threshold

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Other Mechanisms for the
Lactate Threshold
Failure of the mitochondrial hydrogen
shuttle to keep pace with glycolysis
Excess NADH in sarcoplasm favors
conversion of pyruvic acid to lactic acid
Type of LDH
Enzyme that converts pyruvic acid to lactic
acid
LDH in fast-twitch fibers favors formation
of lactic acid

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Effect of Hydrogen Shuttle and
LDH on Lactate Threshold

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Summary

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Summary

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Estimation of Fuel Utilization During
Exercise

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Summary

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Estimation of Fuel Utilization
During Exercise
Indicates fuel utilization
0.70 = 100% fat
0.85 = 50% fat, 50% CHO
1.00 = 100% CHO
During steady state exercise
VCO2 and VO2 reflective of O2
consumption and CO2 production at the
cellular level

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Exercise Intensity and Fuel
Selection

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Exercise Duration and Fuel
Selection
During prolonged exercise there is a
shift from CHO metabolism toward fat
metabolism
Increased rate of lipolysis
Breakdown of triglycerides into glycerol
and free fatty acids (FFA)
Stimulated by rising blood levels of
epinephrine

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Shift From CHO to Fat Metabolism
During Prolonged Exercise

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 Interaction of Fat and CHO
Metabolism During Exercise
Fats burn in a carbohydrate flame
Glycogen is depleted during
prolonged high-intensity exercise
Reduced rate of glycolysis and
production of pyruvate
Reduced Krebs cycle intermediates
Reduced fat oxidation
Fats are metabolized by Krebs cycle

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 Effect of Exercise Intensity on
Muscle Fuel Source

Fig 4.14
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 Effect of Exercise Duration on
Muscle Fuel Source

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The Cori Cycle: Lactate As a
Fuel Source

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Summary

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