Agenda

MARKET TREND
DESIGN TREND
STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS - SAFEHULL
MICROBE INFLUENCED CORROSION (MIC)
PERMANENT MEANS OF ACCESS
BALLAST WATER EXCHANGE AT SEA
SAFESHIP
 Outcome of MSC 76
Permanent means of access (SOLAS II-1/3-6)

For oil carriers > 500 GT built on or after 1 Jan 2005

Access manual with details to be approved
Overhead structures for tanks in height of 6m and over
- 100%
Vertical structures in cargo tanks in
height of 6m and over - 100%
Vertical structures in double side
ballast tanks where vertical distance
of 6m and over - 100%
Rafting does not substitute for PMA
 PMA: Cargo Tanks - (1/3)
For cargo tanks in height of 6m and over, PMA is required in
accordance with 1) to 4) below.
1) Continuous athwartship PMA arranged at T/BHD and EVERY deck
transverse, at a minimum of 1.8m to a maximum of 2.5m below
overhead structure.
2) If access is fitted on the side of the unobstructed side of the web
plating, lightening holds of at least 300 mm is to be fitted in the web
plating providing access adjacent to both sides of each tripping
bracket.

Deck Trans. Depth

VLCC : 2.2 m
Suezmax : 1.8 m
Aframax : 1.7 m
Panamax : 1.47 m
 PMA: Cargo Tanks - (2/3)
3) At least one longitudinal PMA at 1.8m - 2.5m below the overhead
structures is required. Where the longitudinal bulkhead contains
attached framing, the access is to be provided at that side.
4) Access between the arrangements specified in 1) to 3) and from the
main deck to either 1), 2) or 3) is to be provided.
 PMA: Cargo Tanks - (3/3)
For Vertical Structures
PMA (vertical ladders with proper
platforms) are needed at EVERY
frame.

Cargo tanks in height less than 6m

Raft or portable means may be utilized
in lieu of PMA
 PMA: Double Side Tanks (1/2)
Where the vertical distance between horizontal upper stringer
and deck head exceeds 6m:

1) One continuous PMA is to be provided for the full length of the tank
(1.8m - 2.5m from the overhead structure).

2) Vertical access ladder is to be provided

at each end and mid-span of tank.

Depth btwn Deck Head and Upper Stringer

VLCC : 8.58 m
Suezmax : 6.91 m
Aframax : 5.10 m
Panamax : 6.42 m
 PMA: Double Side Tanks (2/2)
Where the vertical distance between horizontal
stringers is 6m and over, vertical PMA is to be
provided at each transverse web.

VLCC Suez Afra Panama

7.52 M 5.34 M 5.1 M 5.67 M
Where the vertical distance between horizontal
stringers is less than 6m, portable means may be
utilized in lieu of PMA
6.58 M 4.45 M 4.25 M 3.24 M

Access holes within 600mmm of the stringers is

to be provided in each transverse web/swash
bulkhead above each stringer and tank base
 PMA: Hopper Tank
For bilge hopper section where the vertical distance from the
baseline to the upper knuckle point is 6m and over;
1) One longitudinal PMA is to be provided for full length of the tank
2) It is be accessible by vertical PMA
at EVERY web frame
Depth of hopper structure
VLCC : 8.52 m
Suezmax : 7.0 m
Aframax : 6.55 m
Panamax : 4.47 m

Where the vertical distance from the

baseline to the upper knuckle point is
less than 6m, portable means may be
utilized in lieu of PMA
 PMA: VLCC

At Every Frame
FWD, AFT, & Center
of Each Tank

At Every Frame
PMA: Panamax Tanker

Web Depth Increase!!

FWD, AFT, & Center

of Each Tank