Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Buccal cavity
Epiglottis
Piriform fossa (recess)
Atlas of Human Anatomy
Second edition (57) Need to know
Nasopharynx, oropharynx,
laryngopharynx, esophagus
Vocal folds
Esophagus
Atlas of Human Anatomy
Second edition (25x)
Need to know
Mucosa, submucosa,
& muscular layers
Diaphragmatic hiatus
Abdominal part of
esophagus
Examinations of the esophagus
Two procedures are done, one for the throat and one for the esophagus
Both thin and thick barium are used. Thin barium is useful to outline the
esophagus quickly. When administered in the upright position is empties
into the stomach in seconds. It is also used to diagnose reflux when using
the water test, (shallow LPO), compression, or the toe-touch maneuver.
Thick barium (barium paste) is mixed with one part water to 3-4 parts
barium powder. Commercial products are often packaged in a tube.
Thick barium coats and adheres to the mucosa. It may be mixed with cotton
balls, marshmallows, or other foods.
The patient is often put into an RAO before the table to lowered to
horizontal. The examination continues in the recumbent position.
The trick to overhead filming is to fill the esophagus, from the pharynx to
the cardiac orifice of the stomach, and make the exposure before the
esophagus empties. To do this the patient is instructed to take three
large bolus swallows. On the fourth, breathing is suspended and the
exposure is made at the moment the patient swallows. A shallow
trendelenburg position will help keep the esophagus full.
A large diameter straw is needed, and care must be taken that the end
of the straw does not become vacuum sealed to the bottom of the cup.
Radiographic Positioning of the x
Positioning of:
including
Film Critique
Positioned the same as an AP & Lateral
Soft tissue neck C-spine: the mAs. Done to assess the patency
of the airway
Expose Nasopharynx * masses
during * foreign bodies
Adnoids
inspiration * enlarged adnoids (kids)
* epiglottitis (kids)
Oropharynx
Hyoid bone
Esophagus
Trachea
Routine Esophagus Positioning Preparation
1. Evaluate the order
2. Greet the patient
3. Take History
What is pertinent Hx?
chest pain, heartburn, dysphagia
(difficulty swallowing), odynophagia
(pain on swallowing)
1. 14 x 17 lengthwise
(7 x 17 are also used)
3. CR 1 inferior to sternal
angle (Top of film 2above
shoulders).
Critique criteria
for frontal projections of the
esophagus
Entire esophagus
filled with barium, in
an unrotated frontal
projection.
1. 14 x 17 lengthwise
(7 x 17 are also used)
Because the contrast is barium, the lower kVp range is the same
as for the single contrast UGI or colon: over 100 for penetration.
TE fistula
Esophageal CA
Foreign body
Diverticulum Presbyesophagus
Treacheoesophageal (TE) fistula
Radiolucent FBs,
such as chicken
or fish bones, may
require a swallow
of barium to
demonstrate.
Diverticulum
Note the
haustrations
Presbyesophagus
An old esophagus
44. What is the term that describes contrast media that has
escaped from (out of) the bladder, due to a leakage or rupture?
44. What is the term that describes contrast media that has
escaped from (out of) the bladder, due to a leakage or rupture?
extravasation
49. A supine position in which the head is lower than the feet is
called the position.
49. A supine position in which the head is lower than the feet is
called the position. Trendelenburg