MM 1028

Introduction to Metal Machining

• Three main areas of metal machining,

• Namely Turning, Milling and Grinding.
• In each topic, the basic essential concepts of
the types of machines and their structures,
the cutting tools and the operations will be
discussed.

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 Turning
Applications :
• usually to form round or taper cylindrical profiles.

Work-pieces :
• rotating, usually cylindrical shape

Cutters :
• single-point cutter, move in linear direction.
Machines :
• Turning machine, or lathe
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 Turning Machines ( Lathes)1/2

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 Turning Machines ( Lathes) 2/2

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 Milling
• Applications : for Flat or formed profiles.
• Workpieces : Move linearly
• Cutters : Rotating about its own axis
Multiple cutting edges.
• Machines : Milling machines
( Horizontal, Vertical and universal Milling Machines).

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 Milling Machines 1/2

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 Milling Machines 2/2

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 Grinding
Applications:
• For better surface finishing, better accuracy or
close tolerances.
• For hardened steels (materials)
• Very little metal removal
Cutters :
• Grinding wheels
Machines :
• Surface grinding machines ( for flat or formed profiles)
• Cylindrical Grinding machines
• Universal grinding machines
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GrindingMachine ( Surface Grinding)

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 Drilling Machine ( Bench Drill) 1/2

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 Drilling Machine ( Bench Drill) 2/2

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 Comparisons of various Metal Machining Processes
Work-pieces Cutters Applications Remarks

Turning Rotating Move linearly Round or Cylindrical Turning m/c

Single point shapes Lathe

Milling Linear Rotating Flat of formed profiles Milling m/c

Multi-point

Surface Linear Rotating Better finishing Small metal

Grinding wheel Better accuracy removal
Grinding
For hardened surface
Cylindrical rotating Rotating Better finishing
Grinding Grinding wheel Better accuracy
For hardened surface
Drilling station Rotating & move Cylindrical holes Along the axis
linearly along the axis
Reaming station Rotating & move Better finishing
linearly
Boring Station or Single point Better straightness Jig borer
rotating Rotating or linear Milling m/c or
Lathe
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 Objectives of Metal Machining
Quality:
• Better precision, smaller tolerances
• Better surface finishing

Productivity:
• Faster machining time
• Shorter delivery

Cost :
• Lower cost, cheaper price

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