Subject-Centered Curriculum:

Process Design

Kok Jia Xuan Soon Ming Hui Yap Sze Miin

APPROACHES TO
CURRICULUM DESIGN
Approaches to Child or
Subject-Centred Problem-Centred
Curriculum Learner-Centred
Approach Approach
Design Approach

Teacher Guide Master Trainer

Most
important/center of Competitors/ next Problem-solvers/
Learners
the educational masters independent
process
Practical work
Subject matter content
What learners want (ex: development of
What to teach which are detached
to learn/accomplish business, social
from life
construction skills)
Self-discovery, self- Direct participation
How to Teach Intellectual practices
direction (ex: case study)
Performance
Performance compared to Learners mastery of the Dealing with life and
(measurement) learners own set of subject content its problems
goals
Partners Parents - community
PROCESS DESIGN
 Process Design and its Origin

Students develop Process design stem from subject-

interests and centered curriculum, the most popular
competencies in
particular subject
approach in curriculum design.
areas William
Harris
In this curriculum, each subject has a
separate teacher. Every teacher try to
teach his own subject and no one
intervene in the subject of other
teacher.
Process Design

Advocates of process design model stresses the

learning of general procedures and processes that
are not applicable to any particular discipline.
Various educators have suggested that students
should be taught to think, where the curriculum
should focus on decision making, problem solving,
critical and creative thinking skills.
Process Design

The aim of the curriculum under process design is to

enhance the process skills applicable to disciplines.
Some of the process skills include application,
analysis and problem solving (Umar Farooq, 2013).
Ennis (1963) identified a list of critical thinking skills:
- Identification of fallacies & checking the sources of
credibility
 Characteristics of Process Design
1 2
Focus on teaching Emphasise on
for intelligence and procedures that
development of enables students to
intellectual analyse reality and
character create frameworks
Process
3 Design 4
Students Curricula for
investigate the critical thinking
process and reach exemplify this
conclusions procedural design
References
Vuncannon, M. (2015). Curriculum Design Chapter 6 &
7. Retrieved from Slide Share Website:
https://www.slideshare.net/michellevuncannon/cha
pter-6-curriculum-design-45077693

Lalwani, P. (2011). Approaches to Curriculum Design.

Retrieved from Slide Share Website:
https://www.slideshare.net/PrincessLalwani/approa
ches-to-curriculum-design