Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
HARMONIK
SEBAB
&
AKIBAT
DIREKTORAT JENDERAL LISTRIK DAN PEMANFAATAN ENERGI
2006
Harmonik (Harmonics)
Harmonics are
sinusoidal voltages or
currents having
frequencies that are
whole multiples of the
frequency at which the
supply system is
designed to operate
(e.g. 50Hz or 60 Hz).\
3rd Harmonics
According IEC 555
1982
Penyebab Harmonik
Di Sisi Konsumen :
- Harmonik timbul karena adanya beban yang tidak linier
Lihat Definisi
Integral --- Sampling
V 1st x I 3rd = 0%
V1st+V3rd+V5th x I1st+I5th+I7th = 32%
Mengukur Harmonik
Measuring nonsinusoidal voltage and
current waveforms requires a True RMS
m e t e r.
Paberik
NOTE :
KAPASITOR BANK
VAR INDIVIDUAL
LOGIC
TIDAK MENIMBULKAN
HARMONIK !
- SPIKES
Panel Kapasitor Bank
- EXECESIVE SWITCHING
CAP BANK 6 STEP
6 STEP CAP BANK
Contoh :
Kawasan
Industri
Perlu
Perhatikan
SCL
PCC
Power Electronic and Capacitor
Harmonics Sources
Fundamental Component
Voltage Distortion
Harmonik Pd 3 Fase 4 Kawat
Energy Distributor
Memutuskan memasang
Lebih dari 20 Juta Meter elektronik
Berkaitan dengan Meter Error
yang ditimbulkan
Oleh harmonik dari peralatan rumah tangga
Canada - Meter Market Profile
Annual demand
982,000 meters
Demand includes 400,000 meters a year in 2006
and 2007 due to the replacement of
electromechanical meters with
electronic meters
Target of 5 million out of 12 million by 2010.
Harmonics Mitigation
17 Aspek Mutu Listrik
1. Variasi frekuensi
2. Variasi tegangan
3. Kelip (flicker)
4. Kedip (voltage sag)
5. Harmonik
6. Ketidak seimbangan tegangan
7. Keandalan (pemadaman)
8. Voltage swells
Aspek mutu listrik
9. Electrical noise
10. Faktor daya rendah
11. Ground loops
12. EMI (Electromagnetic Interference
13. Static electricity
14. Voltage surges
15. Voltage impulses
16. Demand interval
17. Kelayakan instalasi
IEC 61000-3-2 edition (A14)
IEC 61000-3-2 edition (A14)
IEC 555
IEC 555
IEC 555
IEEE-519
IEEE-519
IEEE-519
Peraturan Ketenagalistrikan
UU 15 th 1985 Ketenagalistrikan