Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
(Partial Derivatives)
Fungsi Dua Pembolehubah
Fungsi Terbitan Separa
Petua rantai
Aplikasi Terbitan Separa dalam
masalah Maksimum dan minimum
CLO
Menentukan graf fungsi dan pembezaan
fungsi terbitan separa serta aplikasinya
dalam masalah maksimum dan minimum
Perbincangan;
o Tatanda fungsi 2 p.u
o Domain fungsi 2 p.u
o Graphs fungsi 2 p.u
Introduction
Functions of Two Variables
Consider a function with two inputs and one
output 7 5
Two independent
variables f (x, y)
One dependant 43
variable
z = f ( x, y )
Example Examples of problems with two variables.
respectively.
f x, y 2 x 2 y 2
Hopefully you can see the notation for functions of several
variables is similar to the notation youve used with single variable
functions.
z f x, y 2 x 2 y 2
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When finding values of the several variable functions instead of
just substituting in an x-value, we will substitute in values for each
of the independent variables:
f x , y 2x 2 y 2
f 2,3 2 22 32 2 4 9 17
f 4,3 2 42 3 2 16 9 41
2
f 5, y 2 52 y 2 2 25 y 2 50 y 2
Example
Let f be the function defined by
f ( x, y ) 3 x y 2 y .
2 3
f (0,3) 3 0 (3) 2 3
2 3
25
f (2, 1) 3 2 (1) 2 1
2 3
15
2
f ( 2,3 ) 1
2 3 3
3 3
f ( 3,2 )
3 2 3 2
4
2 y
5
f g x , y f x , y g x , y
f g x , y f x , y g x , y
f f x , y
x , y , Provided g x , y 0
g
g x , y
Domain Fungsi 2 p.u
Unless the domain is given, assume the domain is the
set of all points for which the equation is defined.
For example, consider the functions
1
f x , y 3x y
2 2
and g x , y
xy
Solution: The domain of f(x, y) is the set of all points that satisfy the
inequality:
25 x y 0
2 2 or 25 x 2 y 2
You may recognize that this is similar to the equation of a circle and
the inequality implies that any ordered pair on the circle or inside
the circle x y 25 is in the domain.
2 2
y
The highlighted area is the
domain to f.
x
EXAMPLE
2
Answer : D x, y x y 1 0, x 1 , f 3, 2
2
6
z f x, y , range is z z
xy
b) f x, y ;
x 2y
Eva1uate f 2,3 , f 2,1
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EXAMPLE
3 Find the domain of the function:
h x , y lnxy
Solution:
We know the argument of the natural log must be
greater than zero.
So, x y 0
x
As you have done before when sketching a surface in 3-dimensions
it may be helpful for you to use the traces in each coordinate plane.
4. Let z = 3: 3 25 x 2 y 2 or x 2 y 2 16
5. Let z = 4: 4 25 x 2 y 2 or x 2 y 2 9
z=4
z=3
Here is a graph of the function using the 3-dimensional
graphing utility DPGraph.
z
x
EXAMPLE
4
Sketch the surface: z 9x2 y2
x2 y2 9 Circle
z y 2 9 Parabola
z x 2 9 Parabola
Solution to Example 4 Continued:
5 9x2 y2
or
Circle centered at (0, 0, 5) with
x2 y2 4 radius 2.
7 9x2 y2
or
Circle centered at (0, 0, -7) with
x y 16
2 2
radius 4.
Here is a sketch of the traces in z
each coordinate plane.
This paraboloid extends below the
xy-plane.
z y 2 9
z x 2 9
x2 y2 9
x
Heres a graph of the surface using DPGraph.
Level Curves
c 5: 5 25 x 2 y 2 x2 y 2 0 Point at 0,0
c 4: 4 25 x 2 y 2 x2 y 2 9 Circle with r 3
c 3: 3 25 x 2 y 2 x2 y 2 16 Circle with r 4
c 2: 2 25 x 2 y 2 x2 y 2 21 Circle with r 21
c 1: 1 25 x 2 y 2 x2 y 2 24 Circle with r 24
c 0: 0 25 x 2 y 2 x2 y 2 25 Circle with r 5
Solution to Example 5 Continued: Contour map with point (0, 0) for c
= 5 and then circles expanding out from the center for the remaining
values of c.
c 0 : 0 x 2 2y 2 Point at 0,0
x2 y2
c 2: 2 x 2
2y 2
Ellipse: 1
2 1
x2 y2
c 4: 4 x 2
2y 2
Ellipse: 1
4 2
x2 y2
c 6: 6 x 2
2y 2
Ellipse: 1
6 3
x2 y2
c 8 : 8 x 2 2y 2 Ellipse: 1
8 4
Solution to Example 6 Continued: Contour map with point (0, 0) for c
= 0 and then ellipses expanding out from the center for the
remaining values of c.
Example 6 Continued: