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ILA Group 15

Vitamin-like Substances
By: Hassan
Hanum
Hariz
Contents
PABA Bioflavonoids Coenzyme Q10

Para- naturally quinone


AminoBenzoic occurring plant derivative
Acid metabolites
PABA

Para-AminoBenzoic
Acid
PABA : Introduction
short form for Para-AminoBenzoic Acid.
It is an antioxidant that is considered by some
as a B complex vitamin, and sometimes called
vitamin Bx.
PABA : FOOD SOURCES
Main PABA sources:
brewer's yeast, molasses, organ meats like animal
liver and kidney & wheat germ.

Other PABA sources


bran ,mushrooms , spinach , whole grains (such as
brown rice and whole wheat).
PABA : Benefits and Functions
Functions: as part of the coenzyme
tetrahydrofolic acid (Folic acid or folate is a B
vitamin-help in spermatogenesis),
aids in the metabolism and utilization of amino
acids
supportive of blood cells, particularly the red
blood cells.
important to skin, hair pigment, and intestinal
health.
as a sunscreen, protect against the development
of sunburn and skin cancer
PABA : Additional Uses
If graying of hair is caused by vitamin deficiency, it is
likely a deficiency of a combination of vitamins, mostly
the various Bs.
Used along with biotin, pantothenic acid, and folic acid
in the restoration of hair, often with vitamin E as well.
PABA is also used to reduce aging of the skin and lessen
wrinkles. Vitiligo, a skin depigmenting condition, which
could result from deficient hydrochloric acid, vitamin C,
or pantothenic acid.
PABA ointment is used commonly to prevent and treat
sunburns and, with vitamin E, is often applied to other
burns.
PABA : Deficiency Symptoms
constipation and chronic gastro-intestinal disorders
nervousness
frequent headaches
general fatigue
depression
Irritability
weeping or moist eczema(blister skin)
premature wrinkling of skin
premature grey hair
PABA : RDA
No specific RDA is listed for PABA.
Supplements ranging from 501,000 mg. Up to
1,000 mg. are used therapeutically in a time-
released capsule,
Common treatment amount is usually about 50
100 mg. three times daily.
A therapeutic approach used by some authorities
to attempt to restore normal hair color is 1,000
mg.,
time-released, daily for six days a week, taken
with 400 mcg. of folic acid.
Bioflavonoids

naturally occurring
plant metabolites
Bioflavonoids : Introduction
Naturally occurring plant metabolites. These
compounds are responsible for the vibrant-
color of many fruits, vegetables, and flowers.
Four categories:
PCO (Proanthocyanidins)
Quercetin
Citrus bioflavonoids
Green Tea Polyphenols
Bioflavonoids : Food Sources
Citrus fruits
Berries
Onions
Parsley
Legumes
Green Tea
Red Wine
Bioflavonoids : Benefits and Functions
Used in alternative medicine as an aid to enhance
the action of vitamin C,
to support blood circulation,
as an antioxidant,
treat allergies, viruses, or arthritis
inflammatory conditions.
Not all uses for bioflavonoids have been
approved by the FDA. Bioflavonoids should not
be used in place of medication prescribed for you
by your doctor.
Bioflavonoids : Additional Uses
It prevents neonatal death due to erythroblastosis.
Reduced bleeding associated with capillary fragility.
It lowers cholesterol.
Preventing traumatic bruising.
Habitual and threatened miscarriage
Recurrent nosebleeds
Excessive menstrual bleeding
Hemorrhoids
Bleeding gums
Asthma
Bioflavonoids : Deficiency Symptoms
Easy Bruising
Bioflavonoids : RDA
The recommended dietary allowance
(RDA) for bioflavonoids has not been
established but health experts recommend
getting at least five good sized portions of
different fruit and vegetables everyday.
Average Daily Intake = 150-200 mg
Bioflavonoids : Caution
Consult your doctor if:
you are pregnant or planning a pregnancy.
you are breast-feeding a baby. It is not
known whether bioflavonoids will be
harmful to a nursing infant.
you intend to give it to your children
Coenzyme Q10

quinone derivative
Coenzyme Q10 : Introduction
quinone derivative
aka ubiquinone, ubidecarenone, coenzyme Q
Exist in three forms after undergoing redox reaction
Coenzyme Q10 : Food Sources
Sardine
Soy bean
Meat
Cauliflower
Broccoli
spinach
Coenzyme Q10 : Benefit and
Function
Electron transport chain
Mobile carrier that can accept hydrogen atoms from
Fmnh2, produced on NACH dehydrogenase (complex I)
Fadh2, produced on succinate dehydrogenase (complex II),
glycerophosphate dehydrogenase and acyl CoA
dehydrogenase.

Antioxidant
Coenzyme Q10 : Benefit and
Function

Electron Transport Chain


Coenzyme Q10 : Additional Uses
Ubiquinone has been used in congestive
heart failure, gum disease, and type 2
diabetes.
It has also been used to replace low levels of
ubiquinone caused by taking certain
cholesterol medications.
Ubiquinone has not been approved by the
FDA to treat any disease, and it should not be
substituted for prescription medications.
Coenzyme Q10 : Deficiency
Symptoms
Dizziness
Fainting
Low blood pressure
High liver enzyme count
Symptoms of allergic reaction:
Hives
Rash
Swelling of the throat
Problems breathing
Coenzyme Q10 : RDA
There is no official RDA for CoQ10
which is not recognized as a vitamin. It
is also difficult to list recommended
daily intakes as it is made by the body.
A typical preventive CoQ10 dosage
ranges from 10-30 mg per day. For
therapeutic purposes, dosages of
between 50 to 1,000 mg per day, taken
in divided doses, have been given
under medical supervision.
The end
PABA Bioflavonoids Coenzyme Q10

Para- naturally quinone


AminoBenzoic occurring plant derivative
Acid metabolites

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