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1.

Synchronization Requirements

2. Mobile backhaul network

3. Concerns on synchronization
Current 2G/GSM Networks Future 2G/GSM Networks
MS BSC
Ref. BTS Circuit
MS clock Emulation

E1 E1 E1 E1 Ref.
SDH PSN clock
MS
BTS BSC FE GE
IP BSC
IP BTS

Sync Requirements in Sync Requirements in future


current 2G/GSM Networks 2G/GSM Networks
Packet switching network do not need strict
SDH transport network need
synchronization
frequency sync: +/- 50ppm
Base stations need frequency sync: +/- 0.05ppm
Base stations need frequency sync: For base stations, Reference clock is distributed via
+/- 0.05ppm PSN, need physical synchronization support (e.g.
Reference clock is distributed via an Sync Ethernet) or packet-based synchronization (e.g.
explicit transport at the physical layer: 1588).
PDH/SDH Note: Previous SDH transport network maybe still exist
for traditional base stations, sync requirement is the
same as before.
Current trail 3G/TD-SCDMA Future 3G/TD-SCDMA
Networks Networks
Ref.
clock
GE
NodeB PSN
ATM
NodeB SDH RNC
FE
RNC
ATM NodeB
NodeB

Sync Requirement in current Sync Requirement in future


3G/TD-SCDMA Networks 3G/TD-SCDMA Networks
SDH transport network need frequency Packet switching network do not need
sync: +/- 50ppm strict synchronization
For transport network, Reference clock is Base stations need frequency sync:
distributed via an explicit transport at the +/- 0.05ppm, and phase sync: +/- 3us
physical layer: PDH/SDH For base stations, reference clock is
Base stations need frequency sync: +/- distributed via PSN, need physical
0.05ppm, and phase sync: +/- 3us synchronization support (e.g. Sync
Ethernet) for frequency sync or
For base stations, reference clock is
packet-based synchronization (e.g.
distributed via GPS
1588) for time/phase sync.
Possible synchronization requirements in LTE
Synchronization requirements in ALL-IP network
Synchronization requirements in distributing Base Station
(mesh topology among base stations)
Synchronization requirements in distributing BBU & RRU
Synchronization requirements in radio interfaces

Note: synchronization requirement in LTE is under discussion.

eNB eNB
eNB Ref.
clock

PSN
AGW
eNB
eNB
eNB

eNB
Requirements schematic diagram
Base
UE
station
Base
Ref.
station
Clock
controller
Radio Node Network SYNC
Interface SYNC
UE SYNC

Base
station

Synchronization requirements in different positions


Layer Sub Items Frequency Accuracy Phase Accuracy
Network Sync E1 50ppm -
STM-N 4.6ppm -
PTN Not so strict -
Node Sync Controller-Base 50ppb(If base station pick up 3us(if base station pick up time
station time from base station controller) from base station controller)
Inter-Base station 50ppb(If base station pick up 3us(If base station pick up time
time from other base station) from other base station)
Radio interface GSM 50ppb -
WCDMA 50ppb -
TD-SCDMA 50ppb 3us
TDD LTE 50ppb TBD
FDD LTE 50ppb -
Synchronization Requirements

Mobile backhaul network

Concerns on synchronization
Mobile backhaul could be based on
Carrier Ethernet (e.g. 802.1ad, PBB-TE)
IP/MPLS (e.g. PW, VPLS, L3VPN ,IP routing)
T-MPLS
Others

Each transport technique can fit certain scenario


respectively, and they could be used in different network
layers (access/aggregation/core).
Mobile backhaul network
Base
Access Aggr station Core
Base
station controller
Base
802.1ad station
IP/MPLS
Base PBT
core controller
station
PON
DLS
Base
station

Base
Base station
station controller
Base
TMPLS station
IP/MPLS
Base TMPLS core controller
station
TMPLS

Base
station
Base controller
station

MPLS Access Base


IP/MPLS station
Base MPLS AGG core controller
station VLL/VPLS
802.1ad
SON & Self-backhauling
Ref.
Clock

Self Organization Network


Some BSs are
AGW 2 AGW 1
configured only by its
mother BS for both sync
and radio resource

Self-backhauling
New BS
Join
Using in-band connection
between BSs for
backhaul
Synchronization Requirements

Mobile backhaul network

Concerns on synchronization
The requirements for RAN is clear and urgent
Radio Access Network is on the early stage of moving to IP transport
Using GPS will affect the flexible deployment of BS, we really need a new
synchronization technology to substitute GPS, epically though a simple
Ethernet port
How to distribute synchronization through packet based network? Can
1588 meet our requirements? Telecom profiles of 1588 should be
standardized:
network scale/ network load/ local clock accuracy
Security
The synchronization methods in next generation mobile network (LTE) and
MESH/SON network should be paid more attention.

At the same time, it is complex and more technologies in backhaul


How to extend IEEE1588 or other synchronization technology so that it can
be used smoothly in PBN and complex backhaul.
Features needed for Backhaul nodes to support 1588 for high accuracy
Different layers shall collaborate to meet the sync requirements form end
to end, so what kind of mechanisms/protocols are need between different
layer and technologies in backhaul?

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